The Cold War at Home

1. The Cold War at Home 11.9.3 Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy EQ : How did fear of domestic communism affect American society during the Cold War?

2. Ideological Origins- A Conflict of Systems United States Economic system: (mostly) laissez-faire capitalism Political system: Democratic elections Social system: Religious, legal equality stressed Soviet Union Economic system: Marxist socialist government order Political system: Controlled by communist party Social system: atheistic, economic equality stressed Why would people living in one of these nations distrust the other?

3. Growing Fear • Americans believed communism was expansionist and would not rest until the whole world was communist as well Why did this prospect frighten Americans? Is there a similar fear today?

4. Less than 4 years after Hiroshima, the Soviet Union was able to create an Atomic Bomb. Americans now had to face an enemy with the same power they had.

5. The Second Red Scare • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 1949 • feared foreign agents were working to subvert America • helped build career of Richard M. Nixon of CA • Alger Hiss (State Dept.) tried twice for espionage and imprisoned for perjury • claimed he was innocent until he died in 1996 Why did Americans think Soviet spies had infiltrated their government?

6. Truman and The Second Red Scare • Truman created a Loyalty Review Board in 1947 • loyalty oath and background check on people in anti-democratic groups that advocated violence • communist groups and unions • 3 million employees investigated—3,000 resigned/fired • in 1950, Congress gave Truman the authority to detain “suspicious people” • Truman vetoed it • McCarran Internal Security Act, 1950 • Smith Act, 1940 • illegal to advocate, teach, or support violence in overthrowing the government • this meant communism and the Supreme Court back it up

7. The Second Red Scare - Blacklisting Charlie Chaplin Harry Belafonte Lloyd Bridges Arthur Miller Zero Mostel Orson Welles • HUAC investigated communism in Hollywood unions • “Hollywood Ten” refused to testify and were banned from working • over 300 directors/actors denied employment • some turned in names of potential communists • Ronald Reagan, Walt Disney, Elia Kazan (1999)

8. Hollywood Ten • Alvah Bessie • Herbert J. Biberman • Lester Cole • Edward Dmytryk • Ring Lardner, Jr. • John Howard Lawson • Albert Maltz • Samuel Ornitz • Adrian Scott • Dalton Trumbo

9. McCarthy - Big Brother is watching

10. The Second Red Scare - McCarthyism • Joseph McCarthy • Wisconsin senator held up a “list” of 250 employees of State Dept. who were communists • it was a blank piece of paper • claimed that Truman was doing little or nothing to stop it • became one of the most powerful men in Washington • set off 2nd red scare, until 1954 when McCarthy became unpopular

11. Spies and The Second Red Scare • Ethel and Julius Rosenberg • Americans feared espionage led to rapid Soviet development of A-Bomb • US developed A-Bomb in 1945 • Soviets get A-Bomb in 1949 • US developed H-Bomb in 1952 • Soviets get H-Bomb in 1953 • executed Rosenbergs for espionage/treason • Julius definitely involved in espionage, not sure about Ethel • It took 5 electric shocks to kill Ethel • This was the only execution of civilians for espionage in US

12. The Second Red Scare & the CIA • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1947 • conducts secret operations outside the US • assassination attempts • intelligence gathering (espionage)

13. Dot Game

14. Part One The Cold War in America 11.9.3 Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including Atomic testing in the American West. . . 11.9.4 List the effects of foreign policy on domestic policies and vice versa (e.g. the “nuclear freeze” movement). EQ 1: How did fear of domestic communism affect American society during the Cold War?

15. The Arms Race • H-Bomb, 1952 • the hydrogen bomb was the first thermonuclear explosion • took place in the Marshall Islands • 450 times Nagasaki • vaporized an entire island, leaving behind a crater more than a mile wide

16. The Arms Race • Mutual Assured Destruction (M.A.D.) • deterrence was knowing that if we tried to kill them we would also die • “First strike capability” meant the ability to destroy the enemy before they could strike back • “Second strike capability” meant the ability to strike back before being destroyed “The Peacekeeper”

17. Turtle Video • This was shown to Americans as a training video. • I am not joking.

18. The Arms Race • Sputnik, 1957 • 1st man-made satellite • circled the globe every 96 minutes for 92 days • created “missile gap” b/c Soviets were ahead in arms race and space race

19. The Arms Race • National Defense Education Act • US emphasizes math and science to close the “space gap” • October Sky

20. The Arms Race • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 1958 • the arms race became the space race • initial American failures made Americans fear we were falling behind the USSR • JFK promised in 1961 to land a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s

21. Nuke Websites • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/  Great info and map of where testing was done • http://www.carloslabs.com/node/16 • This one maps out different types of weapons on whatever address you want to use. • http://www.nukefix.org/weapon.html • This is just hardcore

22. EQ 1: • How did fear of domestic communism affect American society during the Cold War?