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APUSH – Unit 8 R. M. Tolles

Explore the societal shifts in the post-WWII era, from suburban expansion to the Baby Boom, emergence of new inventions, political tensions of the Cold War, and the Space Race, alongside key events like the Korean War and containment strategies.

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APUSH – Unit 8 R. M. Tolles

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  1. APUSH – Unit 8R. M. Tolles The Postwar Boom The Cold War 1950s to the 60s

  2. The Family of the 40’s and 50’s • With many Americans returning to start families, many houses were needed. People moved to the suburbs, or neighbor hoods in rural areas • William Levitt created Levittowns, or plain suburbs with identical houses. • Suburbia – some complained it lacked diversity. • Creation of a middle class, as people left the cities. • GI Bill of Rights – also called the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, guaranteed veterans loans and economic assistance for education and starting over. • Baby Boom – increase in the birth rates

  3. The Family of the 40’s and 50’s (Cont.) The Baby-Boom took place in the 50’s. Many returning soldiers wanted to start families Divorce rate skyrocketed because of lifestyle changes during the war. First Computers – the ENIAC and the UNIVAC The Poor stayed poor – gov did not help by evicting people out of govt. housing. Soon develop a huge poverty class

  4. New Inventions of the 50’s • Vaccine for polio by Dr. Jonas Salk • Washing Machine • Electric Dryer • Dishwashers • Lawn Mowers

  5. CARS • Many more people bought cars • Living in suburbs • Price of gas cheap • Eisenhower created interstate highways • Car Dealers started ideal of Planned Obsolescence

  6. Entertainment • TV Shows • I love Lucy • The Mickey Mouse Club • Quiz Shows – left the air though, when several were exposed for fraud. • Music • Rock n’ Roll • Jazz

  7. Politics • 1948 – Truman re-elected, barely • Fear of Communism dominated – Truman even instituted a loyalty review program for federal employments. • 1952 – Eisenhower elected. • VP Richard Nixon got in trouble • “Checkers Speech” • Truman said US must help weak countries resist communism. • This was a way of fighting against the Soviets.

  8. Space Race • Russians launched Sputnik in October 1957 • America felt behind, new emphasis on putting a man on the moon. • New emphasis on Education in math and science. • Cold War pushed the space race.

  9. COLD WAR CONFLICTS

  10. Containment • 50 nations came together in San Francisco. • All signed and everyone wanted to work together and promote peace. • Policy of Containment – Idea to prevent communist countries from spreading to another country. • Truman Doctrine – committed to the Policy of Containment. • Marshall Plan – rebuild Europe physically, politically, and economically, and to prevent the spread of communism in Western Europe. • In 1947, Truman asked Congress for $400 million to aid Greece and Turkey to prevent communist guerrillas form taking over.*

  11. Truman announces his Truman Doctrine

  12. COLD WAR • A conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. Major cause was the argument over how to fix the economic policy of Germany and Europe after WWII. • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) • No actual world war, minor conflicts erupted, and a lot of saber rattling. • Satellite Countries – countries in which Stalin set up communist Governments. • Such countries are Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland. • Became known as the Iron Curtain, a wall of secrecy

  13. BERLIN AIRLIFT • Stalin went back on his pledge at Potsdam to allow democratic elections. He was concerned with security and the spread of Communism after WWII. • Berlin was divided up into sections. – US, FR, and GB allowed West Germany to form their own government • Stalin owned a part and shut down all roads to American owned West Berlin. • Truman ordered the US Air force to fly over the wall and into Berlin. No shots were fired. • Soviets soon established satellite governments in Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.

  14. NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION. (NATO) • 1949 - 12 countries became members. Including the United States. • All 12 of the members pledge support to another in case a member was attacked. • United Nations – governmental body • Warsaw Pact – the Soviet answer • Concerned over M.A.D. – Mutually Assured Destruction. Despite this, the US successfully tested a hydrogen bomb in 1954, Soviets soon did the same.* • A nuclear arms race developed between the United States and the Soviet Union.

  15. Korean War • The Americans helped South Korea from being taken over by Communist North Korean. • Americans got aggressive and tried to push out the communists but the Chinese got involved, and nothing changed. • Considered a minor conflict, no nuclear missiles. • MacArthur wanted to use Nukes (crazy), Truman had to fire him. • First war where African Americans were integrated into the regular military. • Show – MASH • After Korea, both the US and the World embarked on an arms race.

  16. 38th PARALLEL • Korea was split down the middle after World War II. • The top half was Communist and the Lower Half was American Controlled. • Split at the 38th parallel.

  17. CIA • Formed by the Eisenhower Administration. • Used Spies to get information from other countries. • Cold War became the background for spying, covert operations and espionage. • CIA increased operations when in 1949 the Soviets tested an atomic bomb, and China fell to Communism. This would also lead to a 2nd Red Scare in America.

  18. THE WARSAW PACT • A treaty between Russia and a group of other nations after Germany was allowed to Join NATO. NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV • Took over in Russia after death of Stalin. • Also thought communism would take over the world, but thought it would do so peacefully

  19. President Eisenhower • President Eisenhower elected in 1952, after Truman bowed out, on the “Dynamic Conservationism” (a domestic policy of balancing economic conservatism with activism.) • Political Beliefs – middle of the Road • Foreign Policy = Containment, Said that the US would defend the middle east by an attack by any communist country. • Eisenhower Highways – Federal Highway Act, built to improve military transport around the country.

  20. Israel and Palestine • UN decided to place refugees (mainly displaced Jewish Holocaust survivors) in their homeland. • The homeland was occupied by the Palestinians, which was a British Protectorate • Creation of Israel – challenged immediately by the Arab world and the Muslim Palestinians • 1949, Peace treaty arranged by UN, but did not last long and hostilities still exist today.

  21. Cuba • Fidel Castro, led an Communist revolt and took over Cuba, placing a Soviet Ally 50 miles off the coast of America. • America would break off relations and would soon be involved in several CIA run operations to oust Castro; Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis

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