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Safety in the Poultry House. Respirators give real protectionwear tight-fitting NIOSH approved respirators as necessaryGuards on fans and motors prevent accidentskeep fingers, hands away from moving partsWinches can be risky - be carefulgears, cable, spinning handles can cause injuryBe cautious during electrical work and stormeliminate electrical hazards and minimize exposure to shockSupervise children in poultry housespoultry houses are not playgrounds.
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1. 35.070Poultry Production & Management
3. Hazards in Animal Housing Air Pollutants in Animal Housing
Dust and Other Aerosols
Ammonia
Hydrogen Sulfide
Other Gases
Odors
Air Quality Control and Management
Mechanical Hazards
Electrical Hazards
Noise
Fire
Children in Buildings
Safety Signs
4. Air Pollutants in Animal Housing Dust and Other Aerosols
Dust found in animal housing is primarily composed of:
Feed components
Dry fecal material
Dander (hair and skin cells)
Molds
Pollen
Grains
Insect parts
Mineral ash
some components may cause allergic responses
an important air quality problem in poultry and livestock housing
5. Dust Control Proper waste management and ventilation
Minimize poor indoor quality - animals and workers
workers are required to wear appropriate personal protective equipment when entering these facilities
particularly mask or respirators
Several methods of reducing dust are under evaluation
Wet , electrostatic, cyclonic and dry dust filters
Oil sprays
spraying vegetable oil
bind up the dust particles and keep them out of suspension
6. Ammonia ( NH3 ) Ammonia is produced by bacterial action on urine and feces during decomposition
Comes off of the floors and from the manure pits
Levels in animal buildings can be sufficiently high to affect human health
Ammonia control
Frequent removal of waste
Management of indoor moisture
Adequate ventilation
ventilation dilutes ammonia concentration and tends to dry floors and litter
reduces the rate of ammonia release
7. Hydrogen Sulfide ( HS ) Is an acutely toxic gas produced by the decomposition of animal manure
Often released into the air when liquid manure is agitated
Its odor is not an indication of its concentration
Above 6 ppm the odor increases as concentration also increases
The OSHA limits exposure to 10 ppm for an 8 hour, 5 day exposure
At levels above 50 ppm human evacuation is recommended
Levels above 500 ppm cause unconsciousness and death
Levels increase to 1500 ppm when swine pit manure is agitated
8. Hydrogen Sulfide ( HS )(continued) Workers should wear a self contained respirator if exposure to HS is expected
Hazards created during manure agitation can be controlled by:
Providing ventilation during manure pumping
Removing the manure
Preferable when
people and animals are absent from the building
9. Other Gases Methane ( CH4 )
A natural product of manure decomposition
nontoxic
High concentrations produces
dizziness and even asphyxiation
Flammability of methane: Main Safety Concern
CH4 can be explosive at concentrations over 50,000 ppm
valuable as an energy source
NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) recommended Daily exposure
1,000 ppm per 8 hour work period
Control:
proper ventilation generally dissipates methane from animal housings
10. Carbon Dioxide ( CO2 )
Produced by manure decomposition and animal respiration
nontoxic gas
High concentrations can cause
asphyxiation by reducing available oxygen
Concentrations in well ventilated buildings can range
1,000 ppm during summer
10,000 ppm during winter
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) permissible exposure level for CO2
10,000 and 30,000 ppm respectively per 8 hour and 15 minutes work period
Control
proper ventilation
CO2 control is important in cold climates
11. Carbon Monoxide ( CO )
Product of the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
its colorless, odorless, and has nearly the same density as air
CO hazards in animal production operations caused by
combustion heaters malfunction
operational heaters or internal combustion engines
without venting the combustion products outdoors
Winter: Most dangerous period
buildings are usually closed and ventilation rates are at its lowest
OSHA and NIOSH recommended threshold limit values
40mg/m3 or 35 ppm for an 8 hour work period
Control
combustion heaters and engines should always be vented to the outside
12. Odors Air Quality Control and Management
Unpleasant odors have long been associated with domestic animal production
Installation and operation of a well-designed ventilation system is the producer’s best assurance of adequate indoor quality
provides thorough air mixing
eliminates dead spaces having stagnant air
moves fresh air through the housing facility
Ventilation vents should open enough to provide high velocity jets to ensure thorough air mixing
Summer months
evaporative cooling is needed using misting systems to reduce the indoor air temperature
Winter months
supplemental mixing fans are needed because ventilation rates are reduced to a minimum
13. Air Quality Control and Management(continued) Prevention and early detection of toxic gas levels reduces health risks
installs CO detectors near combustion heaters
the heater should be vented to the outside
clean the heater thoroughly at the beginning of each heating season
while in use, monitor the heaters daily to ensure that they burn efficiently and produce minimal levels of CO
Use extreme caution during manure removal
manure slurries will release hydrogen sulfide: “rotten eggs”
cause for concern
HS can quickly inure the sense of smell as concentrations increase and become deadly
Control dusts
during cold weather, use feed additives (oil, fat, and lecithin) to help reduce dust emission from feed meals.
14. Mechanical Hazards Fans
unguarded fans are dangerous, must have guards or screens so people cannot touch any moving parts
Winches
workers operating winches must be careful to avoid releasing the winch before the object is fully raised or lowered
accidentally striking a winch under tension can cause it to release
Augers
must be properly guarded
before any maintenance the equipment must be unplugged, or switched off at the control and breaker box
Steel Cables
worn or frayed could produce gashes and puncture wounds on hands
wear a sturdy pair of work gloves to prevent these wounds
Housing Floors
can be slippery and obstructed by equipment and railings
use a good pair of work boots to prevent falls and foot injuries
15. Electrical Hazards Due to faulty electrical wiring
Risk of shock
Potential for fire
Destruction of good equipment
motors and pumps
Use wiring practices that protects electrical cable and system components
from abuse by livestock and rodents
avoid exposure to tractors and feeding equipment
Appropriate design and reliable installation of electrical systems are crucial to
use electricity efficiently
provide a safe environment for workers and animals
minimize the potential for fire loss
16. Noise Sound levels are measured in decibels (dB)
Soft whisper is about 30 dB while a 120 dB will cause pain
OSHA limits noise exposure to ~ 90 dB over an 8 hour shift
Tractors and other farm machinery cause the most noise
in livestock housing - animals and machinery produce significant noise
swine buildings - at feeding time 115 dB can be reached
17. Fire Factors that facilitate fire in livestock buildings
Poor management and maintenance, improper storage of combustibles, unsafe electrical wiring and lightning
Reduce fire incidents
Construct building with fire retardant materials
Combustibles - discard from building those not frequently used
store frequently used in a fire retardant compartment
Use wiring material and equipment meeting the requirements of the National Electric Code
Electrical equipment should be installed according to manufacturer’s specifications
All electrical equipment (fuses, junctions, and outlet boxes) should be kept free of grease and dust
Place 10 lb ABC type fire extinguishers in all major buildings near exits
18. Children in Buildings Animal production facilities are attractive playgrounds to children
Because of their complexity and potential for danger
no one should treat animal production facilities as play areas
lack of experience
makes children vulnerable to injuries in agricultural environments
young children visiting these facilities
should be supervised by trained production personnel
older children should be allowed to work in these environments
providing adequate training and with parental supervision
19. Safety SignsClassified according to the use hazards and risk involved
20. Personal Protective Equipment
21. Head Protection: Hard hats
from impacts or flying or falling objects
machinery maintenance
construction (electrical work, demolition)
horse back riding
enclosed spaces with low ceilings
chemical splashes
Eye Safety: Safety glasses, goggles, face shields
when handling or applying pesticides
when working in dust, chaff or other flying particles
when working around trees
particularly under low-hanging branches
22. Hearing Protection: Earmuffs and Ear plugs
from noise produced from farm machinery and hogs
tractors, combines, augers, blowers, chainsaws
hogs screaming at feeding time
Sound - measured in decibels (dB): 85 dB is the loudest sound workers should be exposed to for 8 hours or more.
Examples: Normal conversation 60 dB
John Deer Tractor 8560 tractor 76 dB
Massey Ferguson 750 combine 90 dB
Swine confinement at feeding 133 dB
Reduce indoor noise levels
install low noise fans, rubber fan mounts
use automated feeding systems
reduce animal produced noise by feeding all the animals at once
Wear protective equipment
disposable foam or reusable rubber earplugs
hearing protector earmuffs
23. Respiratory Protection: Masks and Respirators
From dust and chaff
Toxic gases and chemicals
Welding fumes and low oxygen atmospheres
Silos and animal confinements
large livestock waste and manure dust
Effective respiratory hazard control in animal housings
Use NIOSH approved respiratory protection appropriate for the situation
Implement a respiratory control program that includes
evaluation of worker’s ability to work with the respirator
regular training of personnel
routinely monitoring air quality
selection of appropriate NIOSH approved respirators
respirator fit testing
medical evaluations
maintenance, cleaning and storage of respirators
24. Respirators used in animal housing facilities Disposable dust / mist masks
Reusable dust / mist masks
Chemical cartridge respirators
which can include particulate matter prefilters
Powered air-purifying respirators
provide eye protection as well
Self-contain respirators
for dangerous gases - hydrogen sulfide or carbon monoxide
25. Hand Protection: Gloves - fabric, leather, rubber, cut resistant
fabric: protects from minor cuts and scrapes
inexpensive
could be laundered to extend its life
leather: best choice for protection, cuts, scrapes, friction
inexpensive, breathable, tough and flexible
treat with leather care product to extend its life
rubber: protects from the use of chemicals
choose the appropriate rubber glove for the task
while still on, wash with warm water and soap, hang to dry
cut resistant: protects from handling glass and sharp objects
26. Body Covering: Aprons (leather and rubber), chemical resistant coveralls and chainsaw safety chaps
leather aprons: used when welding
protects from burns from splattering molten metals and slag
rubber aprons: needed when handling liquids or concentrated chemicals
protects the groin area from chemical splashes
this area absorbs chemical 10x faster than through the forearm
chemical resistant coveralls: excellent protection from pesticide dusts and mists
chainsaw safety chaps: minimize the risk of cutting the legs
when handling square bales
reduce scratches and scrapes on the legs
27. Foot Protection: Steel toe safety shoes and boots (rubber or leather) with puncture resistant soles
from sharp objects
dropped heavy objects
heavy livestock stepping on your feet
chemical hazards (steel toe safety rubber boots)
First Aid (FA) : all vehicles and buildings should have a first aid kit
get appropriate first aid training
in your FA kit include emergency numbers
check FA kit content every three months
label all FA kits
include flares and flash light in your FA kit
emergency signals -extra help
28. What to pack in your first aid kit?
29. CSA approved safety equipment could be purchase at: