Poultry and Egg Production:

1. Poultry and Egg Production: M.E. Persia Iowa State University September 8, 2011

2. Background Information • What is poultry production? • Meat chickens • Laying hens (egg production) • Meat turkeys • Meat ducks • Ratites (ostrich and emu) • Game birds (quail, pheasants and partridge) • Breeding stock

3. Meat Chicken Production 2010 US Poultry and Egg Association

4. Egg Production (Laying Hens) 2010 American Egg Board

5. Meat Turkey Production 2008 National Turkey Federation

6. Importance of Poultry in Iowa Farmgate receipts animal agriculture in Iowa (2005) • Approximately 6% of Animal Agriculture Farm Gate Receipts in Iowa • Accounts for over $500 million annually

7. Commercial Production • Size • Broiler 22,000-26,000 birds per house 5 to 7 flocks a year • Layer 200,000-350,000 birds per house 0.5 to 1 flocks a year • Turkey 15,000 birds per house 3 flocks a year • Integration

8. An Integrated Approach Grandparent Flock Parent Flocks Hatchery Hatchery Retail Production Flocks Feed Mill Rendering Plant Processing Plant Distribution

9. Chicks • Crossbred chicks to gain growth advantage Grandparent Male Grandparent Female Grandparent Male Grandparent Female Parent Female Parent Male Productive Stock

10. Chicks • Selection has increased efficiency

11. Chicks • Hatchery • Vaccination • Sorted • Sexed • Transportation • From hatchery to farm

12. Feed • Majority of the cost of poultry production • Source and purchase complete feed or ingredients to make feed • Several diets fed over the production cycle

13. Feed • Feed Mill • Broiler and turkey rations are pelleted • Laying hen diets are fed as mash • One feed mill makes the diets for several farms in a region

14. Feed

15. Shelter Broiler house Laying facility

16. Air, Ventilation and Temp. Control • Movement of air • Cool birds • Remove volatile compounds • Refresh air • Brooding of young chicks • Lighting

17. Process • Broiler/Turkey • Hatchery – 21 or 28 days • Sanitation important • Incubation and hatching • Growout – 35 to 56 d for Broilers and 16 to 21 wks for Turkeys • All in all out • Biosecurity important

18. Process • Broiler/Turkey • Processing plant(approximately 1 day) • Located away from farms (must transport birds) • Labor intensive • High adoption of technology/automation • Sanitation important (Food Safety) • Packaging and storage • Further processing

19. Process • Laying hen • Hatchery – 21 days • Similar to meat birds • Sanitation important • Sex all chicks • Pullets – 18 weeks • Immature female laying hen • Sunk cost

20. Process • Laying hen • Lay cycle – 40 to 50 weeks • Automation – egg belt • Induced Molting – increase productivity • Processing plant • Located on Farm • Clean eggs • Candle and remove defective • Grade eggs • Further processing

21. Egg Facility

22. What are the products? (eggs) Shell Eggs Liquid Egg Whites Liquid Egg Yolks Liquid Egg Substitutes Powdered Whole Eggs Powdered Egg Whites Meringue Powder Powdered Egg Substitutes Hard Cooked or Pickled Eggs

23. What are the Products? (Meat)

24. Production equation Inputs Outputs Poultry products Hatchery waste Manure/litter Spent hens Egg waste/carcass trim Dust/odor/ammonia Noise/flies • Chicks (Genetic Stock) • Feed • Medication • Water • Shelter • Ventilation/Temp. Control • Labor/Process • Time