300 likes | 696 Views
Poultry and Egg Production:. M.E. Persia Iowa State University September 8 , 2011. Background Information . What is poultry production? Meat chickens Laying hens (egg production) Meat turkeys Meat ducks Ratites (ostrich and emu) Game birds (quail, pheasants and partridge)
E N D
Poultry and Egg Production: M.E. Persia Iowa State University September 8, 2011
Background Information • What is poultry production? • Meat chickens • Laying hens (egg production) • Meat turkeys • Meat ducks • Ratites (ostrich and emu) • Game birds (quail, pheasants and partridge) • Breeding stock
Meat Chicken Production 2010 US Poultry and Egg Association
Egg Production (Laying Hens) 2010 American Egg Board
Meat Turkey Production 2008 National Turkey Federation
Importance of Poultry in Iowa Farmgate receipts animal agriculture in Iowa (2005) • Approximately 6% of Animal Agriculture Farm Gate Receipts in Iowa • Accounts for over $500 million annually
Commercial Production • Size • Broiler 22,000-26,000 birds per house 5 to 7 flocks a year • Layer 200,000-350,000 birds per house 0.5 to 1 flocks a year • Turkey 15,000 birds per house 3 flocks a year • Integration
An Integrated Approach Grandparent Flock Parent Flocks Hatchery Hatchery Retail Production Flocks Feed Mill Rendering Plant Processing Plant Distribution
Chicks • Crossbred chicks to gain growth advantage Grandparent Male Grandparent Female Grandparent Male Grandparent Female Parent Female Parent Male Productive Stock
Chicks • Selection has increased efficiency
Chicks • Hatchery • Vaccination • Sorted • Sexed • Transportation • From hatchery to farm
Feed • Majority of the cost of poultry production • Source and purchase complete feed or ingredients to make feed • Several diets fed over the production cycle
Feed • Feed Mill • Broiler and turkey rations are pelleted • Laying hen diets are fed as mash • One feed mill makes the diets for several farms in a region
Shelter Broiler house Laying facility
Air, Ventilation and Temp. Control • Movement of air • Cool birds • Remove volatile compounds • Refresh air • Brooding of young chicks • Lighting
Process • Broiler/Turkey • Hatchery – 21 or 28 days • Sanitation important • Incubation and hatching • Growout – 35 to 56 d for Broilers and 16 to 21 wks for Turkeys • All in all out • Biosecurity important
Process • Broiler/Turkey • Processing plant(approximately 1 day) • Located away from farms (must transport birds) • Labor intensive • High adoption of technology/automation • Sanitation important (Food Safety) • Packaging and storage • Further processing
Process • Laying hen • Hatchery – 21 days • Similar to meat birds • Sanitation important • Sex all chicks • Pullets – 18 weeks • Immature female laying hen • Sunk cost
Process • Laying hen • Lay cycle – 40 to 50 weeks • Automation – egg belt • Induced Molting – increase productivity • Processing plant • Located on Farm • Clean eggs • Candle and remove defective • Grade eggs • Further processing
What are the products? (eggs) Shell Eggs Liquid Egg Whites Liquid Egg Yolks Liquid Egg Substitutes Powdered Whole Eggs Powdered Egg Whites Meringue Powder Powdered Egg Substitutes Hard Cooked or Pickled Eggs
Production equation Inputs Outputs Poultry products Hatchery waste Manure/litter Spent hens Egg waste/carcass trim Dust/odor/ammonia Noise/flies • Chicks (Genetic Stock) • Feed • Medication • Water • Shelter • Ventilation/Temp. Control • Labor/Process • Time