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James D. Myers Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Wyoming

The E ducational O bject E conomy: What is it? How do we make it a reality in the Earth sciences?. James D. Myers Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Wyoming. Educational Objects: Definition. software for education, training or expertise transfer characterized by:

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James D. Myers Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Wyoming

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  1. The Educational Object Economy:What is it?How do we make it a reality in the Earth sciences? James D. Myers Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Wyoming http://tmf.gg.uwyo.edu/

  2. Educational Objects: Definition • software for education, training or expertise transfer • characterized by: • discoverability • modularity • interoperability • reusability

  3. Educational Objects: Discoverability • ability to find an object • characterized by standardized, searchable information, i.e. metadata • permits discovery by electronic search • identifies • creator • purpose • technical requirements • subject classification

  4. Educational Objects: Modularity • characteristics: free standing, non-sequential, coherent • functions independently without external resources • useable with creator assistance

  5. Educational Objects: Modularity • two approaches • black-box: inner workings hidden • two interfaces: • public: no change to object, use as • parameter: object appearance and/or functionality modified slightly • degree of change determined by creator • object code unchanged • gray-box: code provided • user can edit it • recompile / publish • slightly different object or application

  6. Educational Objects: Interoperability • refers to two scales: • large: works on variety of hardware platforms, operating systems and/or Web browsers • smaller scale: must exchange information with other objects built to same open standard • objects standardized in manner of connection not operation

  7. Educational Objects: Reusability • foundation for creating applications from objects • not a primary characteristic • ensured if object has the three main characteristics • discoverability • modularity • interoperability

  8. Building Learning Applications • objects can be reused, recombined, and customized • allows rapid creation of multimedia-rich educational resources • example: wave propagation object • lab exercise on seismic waves • lecture on interior of the Earth • study-aid on ocean wave refraction • key is access and availability of objects

  9. Using EOs to Create Learning Applications

  10. Using EOs to Create Learning Applications

  11. Educational Object Economy (EOE) • constitutes: • design • creation • exchange • promoted by Web sites • EOE (Educational Object Economy) • MERLOT (Multimedia Educational Resources for Learning and Online Teaching)

  12. Educational Objects: Benefits • flexible • updates, searches & content management easy • customization • competency-based learning • increased value

  13. Educational Object Economy (EOE) • not reviewed, commented on or combined with others • availability varies widely with discipline • 1411 physics • 324 computer science • 157 health science • limited adoption by Earth sciences • 47 for Earth science

  14. Educational Object Economy (EOE) • three factors contribute to slow adoption and growth of an EOE • small number of educators willing to acquire skills to create educational objects • social and legal barriers • duplication of effort

  15. Earth Science EOE • Earth science must develop its own EOE • many have roles in its creation • developers/producers • educators/users • administrators • funding agencies

  16. Earth Science EOE: Developers • characterize their objects with metadata • make it as specific as possible • complete • insure modularity • make objects interoperable • function across range of platforms • exchange data according to standards • post objects to EOE Web sites

  17. Earth Science EOE: Educators • assist developers • provide functional and pedagogical feedback • indicate types of objects needed • share ideas for objects • use objects to create customized learning applications • disseminate these applications • share tips and hints by commenting on objects and applications

  18. Earth Science EOE: Administrators • recognize object development and dissemination as an important academic endeavor • make resources available for technology development projects, e.g. time, money, software/hardware • develop formal guidelines to evaluate object development for tenure and promotion decisions

  19. Earth Science EOE: Funding Agencies • support developer/user teams • promote projects to assess educational object effectiveness • encourage efforts to develop ways to disseminate education objects to the widest possible audience • specific EOE Earth science Web site • inclusion in digital library efforts

  20. Summary • educational objects are standalone software “chunks” • characterized by: discoverability, modularity, interoperability, reusability • reused and recombined to produce learning applications • Earth science has not adopted EOE model http://tmf.gg.uwyo.edu/

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