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Gender

Gender. Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Unit. Sex. Primary Sex Characteristics: the anatomical traits essential to reproduction Boy and Girl parts Two categories: Male and Female. Sex. Intersexed: babies born with some boy and some girl primary characteristics

emmanuel-maddox
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Gender

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  1. Gender Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Unit

  2. Sex • Primary Sex Characteristics: the anatomical traits essential to reproduction • Boy and Girl parts • Two categories: Male and Female

  3. Sex • Intersexed: babies born with some boy and some girl primary characteristics • Usually dealt with surgery or hormonal therapy • Transgender: people whose primary sex characteristics do not match the gender they perceive themselves to be.

  4. Sex • Secondary Sex Characteristics: physical traits not essential to reproduction • Breast development, quality of voice, distribution of facial and body hair, and skeletal form • Results based on hormones

  5. Gender • Definition: socially created and learned distinctions that specify the physical, behavioral, mental, and emotional trait characteristics • Gender ideals: Standards in which people are compared to

  6. Gender Polarization • Life chances: probability that an individual’s life will turn out a certain way • Polarization: the process by which being male and female increases the probability that a person’s life will be a certain way.

  7. Gender Polarization • Based on gender ideals • 1982 study: boys believed their lives would be changed in a negative way if they were to switch genders • Girls believed their lives would be less emotional, more active, less restrictive and not treated as sex-objects

  8. Structural Constraints • The established and customary rules, policies, and day-to-day practices that affect a person’s life chances • Example: sex-appropriate work • Women: emphasize personal relationships • Men: emphasize decision making and control

  9. Gender Gap • Disparity in opportunities available for men and women • 4 areas: economic participation and opportunity, health and survival, educational attainment, and political empowerment

  10. Gender Stratification • The extent in which opportunities and resources are unequally distributed between men and women

  11. Why the Gender Gap • Inequality exists when one sex relative to the other: • Faces greater risks to physical and emotional well-being • Possesses a disproportionate share of income and other valued resources • Is accorded more opportunities to succeed

  12. U.S. Gender gap • 27th in the world

  13. Gender Socialization • Gender Roles: the behavior and activities expected of someone who is male or female • Perpetuate what is expected of boys and girls

  14. Body Language • Male: power, dominance, and high status • Female: submissiveness, subordination, vulnerability, and low status

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