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Captain Spratt, 1851 (Travels and researches in Crete):

Captain Spratt, 1851 (Travels and researches in Crete):

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Captain Spratt, 1851 (Travels and researches in Crete):

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  1. Captain Spratt, 1851 (Travels and researches in Crete): “ Many sea marks up to 10m above present sea level in southwest Crete, and because these marks run through the remains of a Roman harbour at Phalasarana at 6m above sea level, […] the land must have been raised during or after the Roman era.” However, Hellenic subduction zone believed to be aseismic (Jackson & McKenzie, GJI 1988)

  2. Paleoshorelines: contain algal encrustations only seen at present sea level.

  3. Corals and bryozoa collected between 1.5m above sea level and paleoshorelines. AD 365 events contained in almost all samples

  4. best fit fault subduction interface

  5. best fit elastic model best fit with viscous relaxation

  6. Best fit Best fit with dip = 15˚ Would be on the plate interface… … but would require 40m of slip Equivalent to an earthquake of Mw 8.3 – 8.5

  7. 35 mm/yr of convergence between African and Eurasian lithosphere • Such event every 570 yr (for 20m slip) • Event every 100 to 200 yrs across the whole zone • GPS: 90% of convergence rate is occuring by steady slip.

  8. Increase of slip rate ?

  9. Earthquake and tsunami on 21 July AD 365 • Western Crete lifted by up to 10m above sea level • Not on subduction interface beneath Crete • 20m of slip on a fault ~100km long, dipping northeast at 30˚ from the Hellenic Trench to a depth of 45km. • ~5000 yrs return period for these tsunamigenic events on this fault • ~800 yrs return period on the entire Hellenic subduction zone

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