Management information system

1. Management information system Unit II :- Information System and Organization

2. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization • What is an organization? • Features of organizations • Routines and business processes • Organizational politics • Organizational culture • Organizational environments • Organizational structure • Other organizational features

3. Management Information Systems Information System and Organization • The Two-Way Relationship Between Organizations and Information Technology This complex two-way relationship is mediated by many factors, not the least of which are the decisions made—or not made—by managers. Other factors mediating the relationship include the organizational culture, structure, politics, business processes, and environment.

4. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization Characteristics of a Management Information System • Provides reports with fixed and standard formats • Hard-copy and soft-copy reports • Uses internal data stored in the computer system • End users can develop custom reports • Requires formal requests from users

5. Management Information Systems Information System and Organization TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS KIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVED STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR MANAGERS MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGERS KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE AND DATA WORKERS OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL LEVEL MANAGERS SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN MARKETING RESOURCES

6. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AT DIFFERENT ORGANIZATION LEVELS • EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS) • MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS) • DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS) • KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS) • OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS) • TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS) *

7. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS) • OPERATIONAL LEVEL • INPUTS: TRANSACTIONS, EVENTS • PROCESSING: UPDATING • OUTPUTS: DETAILED REPORTS • USERS: OPERATIVE PERSONNEL • EXAMPLE: ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

8. Management Information Systems Information System and Organization KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS) • KNOWLEDGE LEVEL • INPUTS: DESIGN SPECS • PROCESSING: MODELLING • OUTPUTS: DESIGNS, GRAPHICS • USERS: PROFESSIONALS, TECHNICAL STAFF • EXAMPLE: ENGINEERING WORK STATION

9. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS) • TOWARD A “PAPERLESS” OFFICE • INTEGRATED SOFTWARE • NON-STRUCTURED DATA • EXAMPLE: PRESENTATION GRAPHICS

10. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS) • MANAGEMENT LEVEL • INPUTS: HIGH VOLUME DATA • PROCESSING: ROUTINE REPORTS, SIMPLE MODELS, LOW-LEVEL ANALYSIS • OUTPUTS: SUMMARY REPORTS AND EXCEPTION REPORTS • USERS: MIDDLE MANAGERS • EXAMPLE: ANNUAL BUDGETING

11. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS) • MANAGEMENT LEVEL • INPUTS: LOW VOLUME DATA • PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE • OUTPUTS: DECISION ANALYSIS • USERS: PROFESSIONALS, STAFF • EXAMPLE: CONTRACT COST ANALYSIS

12. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS) • STRATEGIC LEVEL • INPUTS: AGGREGATE DATA • PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE • OUTPUTS: PROJECTIONS • USERS: SENIOR MANAGERS • EXAMPLE: 5 YEAR OPERATING PLAN

13. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS STRATEGIC INFO SYSTEM: CAN CHANGE GOALS, PROCESSES, PRODUCTS, SERVICES OR ENVIRONMENT TO GAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

14. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization Information Systems • Why Do People Need Information? • Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment • Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control

15. Management Information Systems Information System and Organization • Data vs. Information • Data • A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture • Represents something in the real world • The raw materials in the production of information • Information • Data that have meaning within a context • Data in relationships • Data after manipulation

16. Management Information Systems Information System and Organization HOW IS EFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT • Information Systems Careers • Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc. • Knowledge Workers • Managers and non-managers • Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use information technology. • Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy • Key to full participation in western society

17. Management Information Systems Information System and Organization Ethical and Social IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side • Consumer Privacy • Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on individuals. • Employee Privacy • IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating privacy and creating stress.

18. Management Information SystemsInformation System and Organization • Freedom of Speech • IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech. • IT Professionalism • No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--unlike other professions. • Social Inequality • Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC; less than 3% have Internet access.