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Accelerator Status, O perations & PIP

January 22, 2014 Sergei Nagaitsev. Accelerator Status, O perations & PIP. Fermilab Accelerator Complex. BNB: MicroBooNE NuMI: MINOS+, MINER v A , NOvA Fixed Target: SeaQuest , Test Beam Facility Muon: g-2, Mu2e (future). Fermilab Accelerator Division.

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Accelerator Status, O perations & PIP

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  1. January 22, 2014 Sergei Nagaitsev Accelerator Status, Operations & PIP

  2. Fermilab Accelerator Complex BNB: MicroBooNE NuMI: MINOS+, MINERvA, NOvA Fixed Target: SeaQuest, Test Beam Facility Muon: g-2, Mu2e (future) Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  3. Fermilab Accelerator Division ~410 FTE (40 scientists, 90 engineers, 120 technicians) Operate 4 proton accelerators (24/7): • Linac, Booster, Main Injector, Recycler Deliver beam to: • NuMI, FTBF, SeaQuest (120 GeV) • BNB, Muon Campus (8 GeV) • MTA (400 MeV) Construct accelerator facilities for Muon Campus, g-2, and Mu2e. Provide effort, support to projects and programs (e.g. PIP, PIP-II, LBNE, g-2, Mu2e, MAP, SRF, IARC, LCLS-2, …) Operate test facilities (SRF, ILC, PXIE, HBESL) Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  4. 2012-2013 Apr 2012 – Sep 2013, ~18 months have been spent in shutdown and commissioning, adapting the accelerator complex after the end of the Tevatron era • details in Back-up slides Driven by the Intensity Frontier program • High intensity proton beams for experiments • to explore the Neutrino Sector • to explore rare decays and rare processes in muons Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  5. Booster and Main Injector Projected Performance Booster and Main Injector are supporting 3 programs: • Booster Neutrino Beam: MiniBoone and MicroBoone • NuMI: MINOS+, MINERvA, NOvA • SY120: SeaQuest, Test Beam Guidance: • NuMI first priority • SY120 is supported at 10% of timeline (~1 event per minute) • BNB not affect NuMI until MicroBoone is operating • commissioning begins in May at low repetition rate, then up to 1 Hz in August Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  6. Accelerator Performance for NuMI • Started delivering protons to NuMI in 2005 • ~1.55e21 in 7 years: NOvAgoal is 3.6e21 • Most intense high energy neutrino beam in the world Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  7. 320 kW on target • Previous operation: • H- linac at ~35 mA • Charge exchange injection into Booster 10-11 turns: 4.3e12 • 9 pulses (at 15 Hz) into Main Injector with RF slip stacking • Ramp to 120 GeVat 204 GeV/s and extract to NuMI target • 3.7e13 / 2.2 sec cycle 323 kW Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  8. Increasing Beam Power to 700 kW • Move slip-stacking to recycler • 11 batch -> 12 batch • Increase Main Injector ramp rate (204 GeV/s -> 240 GeV/s) • 330 (380) -> 700kW with only ~10% increase in per-pulse intensity • Peak intensity 10% just more frequent Recycler MainInjector Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  9. The Plan Booster at 4.3e12 ppp, 7.5 Hz ✔ Begin NuMI operation with MI only✔ • 2.5e13 0.6 Hz (1.67 s cycle) • ~290 kW peak Commission Recycler as proton machine • Injection, extraction, instrumentation, slip stacking✔ • Full intensity in May 2014 • 4.9e13 0.58 Hz (1.73 s cycle) – limited by Booster • ~550 kW peak • ~500 kW with SY120 cycles included Begin SY120 operation at 2e11✔ • Raise intensity to 2e12 in January • 8e12 per spill in March Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  10. Linac PIP - Linac Modulator & 7835 Tube Socket RFQ Triode RF systems Low Energy Linac Linac high-lights • Adjusting to new injector • Round beam • Bunched beam • Twiss parameters • Lower current • Upgraded diagnostics/software • BPMs • Toroids Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  11. Linac Beam Operations Linac efficiency is higher with new source but we are/will be running at lower currents (RFQ design) Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  12. Booster RF Cavity Refurbishment Continues • Operating with lower RF voltage • need 17 cavities for acceleration of 4.5e12 • 19 cavities total, so 2 are out being refurbished Solid State – Some small changes after initial install Accelerator Physics (PIP/Operations) • Alignment • Beam Optics • Beam Notcher System • Cogging Upgrades to RF Low Level Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  13. Booster Flux Red -> Beam to MI/NOvA Yellow ->Proton/Hour Purple -> Booster RF Sum Proton/event (Scale – E12) Green -> Booster Study Pulses Yellow -> Beam to MI/NOvA Cyan -> Beam to MiniBoon Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  14. PIP-Proton Improvement Planenable Linac/Booster operation to - deliver 2.2E17 protons per hour (at 15 Hz) in 2016 while maintaining- Linac/Booster availability > 85%, and - residual activation at acceptable levels and also ensuring a useful operating life of the proton source through 2025. Injector/Linac Booster Modulator upgrade FNAL AD – IGBT Design SLAC – MARX Generator Laser Notcher Solid State Amp Upgrade for LL Driver Rack Klystron upgrade for 7835 triode Contract Awarded LCW upgrades Beam Physics Notch Absorber System Short Kickers Pulse Power System Booster Cavity Refurbishment New Tuners Spare Cavity (20) Harmonic Cavity (Perpendicular Bias) Beam Physics Beta Beating Coupling Cogging – magnetic Highlights since last PAC Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  15. Proton Improvement Plan Projection NOvA Shutdown 120 GeV g-2 8 GeV Mu2e Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  16. Linac PIP - Modulator and Laser Notcher Three cell test successfully – proceeding to 9 cell buildup/tests • Laser Notcher: • Figure showing the placement of the 750KeV laser notcher attached to the end of the RFQ flange • Simulation of the laser light reflection • Optics testing Modulator Design: tested 3 cell LGBT – building up a nine cell unit Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  17. Booster PIP – Notcher & Absorber The new absorber system is working well. Building of new PS and short kickers underway. Absorber The above plot shows current notch simulation with 3 long kickers. Shorter kickers will have faster rise times, cleaner notch and reduced kick on circulating beam. Testing of first two short kickers underway. New pulser NOvA style Booster Short Kickers – drop in replacements Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  18. PIP – Booster Notcher & Absorber Continued Rad Survey Data Dec 2013 The two plots show the difference between two rad surveys after running similar flux for a week. The new system has greatly reduced residual activation in several areas of Booster. The new absorber system directs the beam to an absorber – old system was not designed for high flux and the kicked beam ‘notch’ into collimators was uncontrolled Collimators New Absorber Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  19. 10 0 Booster PIP - Refurbishment of 40 year old cavities (facelift) Weeks The repair of the flange interface is a critical step in the rebuild process. This connection has been shown to be one of the limiting factors in reaching 15 Hz operation. Recent addition of a milling machine has helped. LCW Leak Rebuild - Cones & Tuners Re-Assemble Cool-down Scorched Ferrite Ring Chipped/Cracked Remove Tuners Rebuild Stems/Flanges • Testing Milling Machine • Cavity Removal Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  20. Booster PIP - Cavity Refurbishment Timeline Presently we are at a 9-10 week per cavity rate: The refurbishment rate has been consistent with allotted labor. Present PAC Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  21. Booster PIP - New Cavities and Harmonic Cavity • Specifications for Design of New Accelerating Cavities for the Fermilab Booster underway with testing of current cavities to confirm modeling. 55 KV,15Hz Split Image of Booster Cavity Magnetic loss density (100 kV) Thermal Profile (F) Harmonic cavity work is underway to help with beam capture, transition and possibly extraction. • Based upon work at TRIUMP and LANL • Simulations look promising • University interest – Illinois Institute of Technology Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  22. Booster Neutrino Beamline • Re-started beamline October 22. • On-target running Nov 1 – 8, 5.4E18 protons. • Off target running since then, 4.9E19 protons. • (protons delivered from Booster.) Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  23. MI Status We are providing about 290 KW (250 KW with SY120) to the NuMI target with no slip stacking utilizing a faster ramp (1.67 sec). • By not using slip stacking we are able to keep our tunnel loss free during Recycler commissioning. We are providing slow extracted beam to SY120. We are working on improving the slow spill beam quality for Seaquest. • Reduce the 360 Hz beam structure • Improve the 53 MHz duty factor by blowing up the beam longitudinally. Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  24. Recycler Status Have slipped stacked 2 Booster batches and transferred to MI. • Verified that we have the momentum aperture for slip stacking. • Commissioned High Level and low level RF. Injected a total of 1E13 protons captured in 53 MHz and cleanly transferred in MI. • We have seen evidence of beam scrubbing. • Recycler vacuum recovered. Next we plan to increase the beam intensity in the Recycler and slip stack 12 Booster batches. Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  25. Recycler performance High Intensity proton beam in Recycler Recycler slip stacking Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  26. Integrating RR into Operations We can integrate RR into Operations as soon as we can reliably slip stack 2E13 p in the Recycler and run MI at 1.33sec. The following steps are needed before we reach the point above: • Reconfigure and commission the MI BLMs to look at both RR and MI losses. • Commission the Recycler longitudinal and transverse dampers. • Finish the RR alignment and optimize the Injection and Extraction Lambertson flanges. • Verify that we can inject (vacuum) and slip stack 2E13 in the Recycler. • Commission the MI collimators Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  27. Performance Goals for FY14/15 To BNB target (in support of MicroBoone) • FY14: 1.2e19 • FY15: 8.4e19 To NuMI target • FY14: 3.2e20 • FY15: 3.6e20 To Switchyard (most to SeaQuest) • FY14: 4.5e17 • FY15: 1.0e18 Details of calculations in talk by Paul Derwent Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  28. Operational Statistics – FY14 NuMI POT Integrated – 7.67x1019 NuMI POT Hours – 1695 hours BNB Test POT Integrated - 4.90x1019 BNB Test POT Hours – 1439 hours SY120 Hours – 1196 hours Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  29. Operational Statistics - NuMI Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  30. Beam to SeaQuest Experiment Delivering beam to SeaQuest’s Target since Nov 8th Continuing to work on Duty Factor for experiment currently ~30%, requesting > 60% Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  31. Beam to Fermilab’s Test Beam Facility FY13-14 scheduled to deliver beam to 20 experiments ranging in intensities and modes. Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  32. Meson Center Test Beam Capable of delivering 5 – 85 GeV/c secondaries of either sign. Using the same secondary configuration as the MIPP experiment – proven design. Initial user will be LArIAT (liquid argon detector test). May be ready to commission in late March. Shielding Assessment Approved Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  33. NuMI, NOvA,BNB Horn & Target Spares NuMI Horns – average lifetime so far 3 ½ years Horn 1 – running PH1-04 (new 700 kw beam horn started Sept. 2013) • PH1-03 (400 kw beam) horn ready spare • PH1-05 (700 kw beam) horn on test stand, estimate complete April/May 2014 • PH1-06 have parts to start welding, estimate complete late FY15 Horn 2 – running PH2-02 (installed Dec. 2008) • PH2-03 horn ready spare • PH2-04 in progress, inner conductor welded, estimate complete late FY15 NuMI/NOvA Target – average lifetime previously 1 year, plan for 2/year at 700 kW Target MET-01 new Sept. 2013 • MET-03 ready spare • MET-02 nearing completion, estimate March/April 2014(3 Be fins, 47 graphite fins) • Beginning construction of MET-04 & MET-05 • Old style 400 kw targets NT-07 and NT-08 available as emergency spares BNB Horn &Target • Present Horn and Target have 1/3 Billion pulses and some water line issues • One Complete Horn and Target spare • Plan on finishing another Horn and Target in FY15 Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  34. NOvA target • NuMI target (top) must fit inside horn 1 • Geometry constrains design. NOvAtarget (right) upstream of horn 1 (neutrino energy from off-axis angle) • Physics requirements allowed for changes in the design • mechanically more robust Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  35. New Target Facilities of the Next Decade p-bar lithium lens Mu2e target concept g-2 (previously P-bar Source Target Station): • Commissioning in 2016-17 • High-Z rotating target (inconel 718 alloy) • Lithium lens at ~12 Hz (average) • Pulsed Magnet (Momentum selection) Mu2e • Commissioning in 2019-20 • High-Z, radiatively cooled target (tungsten) • Mounted in large SC solenoid • Only 8 kW beam power, but radiation protection issues are a challenge due to solenoid LBNE • Commissioning in 2023-24 • 1.2 MW beam power • Low-Z target (graphite/beryllium?) • Difficult target, horn, beam window, radiation protection, remote handling challenges. Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  36. High Power Targetry (HPT) R&D Program irradiated graphite at BLIP (BNL) RaDIATE Collaboration (radiation damage studies) • Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments • FNAL, STFC, BNL, Oxford, PNNL currently on MOU • Graphite studies (benefits NuMI-NOvA, LBNE) • Samples irradiated and under analysis at BLIP • Beryllium studies (benefits NuMI-NOvA, LBNE, ISIS) • RaDIATE post-doc beginning 3 year study at Oxford • Tungsten studies (benefits Mu2e, ISIS, ESS, others) • RAL leading effort with Oxford • Titanium alloy studies under consideration Thermal Shock Studies • Experiment on Beryllium proposed using HiRadMat beam (CERN) • (3) Beryllium fins in NuMI-NOvA Medium Energy Target (MET-02) Other Efforts to build up HPT infrastructure • Expanding simulation expertise (MARS, ANSYS, LS-DYNA) • Autopsy of spent target components • Remote Handling and Radioactive Component Storage • 5th HPT Workshop @ Fermilab in May, 2014 Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  37. Radioactive Component Storage • Problem identified High intensity operations generate spent radioactive components beyond the current capacity to store/dispose • Task Force formed • Chaired by Stuart Henderson • Created modeling tool to predict impacts of various scenarios • Above actions provide capacity needed for next decade of operations • Consider purpose-built facility (26.9 M$) as component lifetimes and future operational plans are better understood Recommendations • Upgrade existing Target Service Building to allow efficient & safe storage of small to medium sized components (0.42 M$) • Expand C-0 Remote Handling Facility (C0-RHF) to add storage capacity for large sized components (2.1 M$) Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  38. Shutdown Work – Fall 2014 Present plan is to keep shutdown to 6 weeks with 2 week Accelerator complex restart. • Work list in Back-up slides Shutdown timing driven by Commonwealth Edison mandatory distribution system work. (345KV lines off site and some on site work.) • 2 weeks for Kautz Rd. Substation work • 2 weeks for Master Substation work + 1 week for Fermi work. Master Substation Bypass project completion will happen at A0 during this outage period. Annual switchgear and feeder maintenance. • Will attempt to do as much as possible before shutdown Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  39. Muon Campus Program Cryo heat exchangers at MC-1 bldg Provides infrastructure and improvements needed to support both Mu2e and g-2 using former Antiproton-Source infrastructure Made up of 4 Accelerator Improvement Projects (AIPs) and 3 General Plant Projects (GPPs) • Recycler RF AIP provides rebunching of proton beam for both expts • Cooling tests for new 2.5MHz RF cavities based on former MI coalescing cavities • Beam Transport AIP provides extraction from Recycler to Muon Campus beamlines and beamline improvements for 8-GeV beam • Install Recycler extraction insert in FY14 shutdown • Delivery Ring AIP provides infrastructure improvements, new injection and abort components to former antiproton Debuncherring • Removing collider equipment to make way for new infrastructure, rerouting controls • Cryo AIP provides cryogenics for Mu2e solenoids and g-2 storage ring • Lots of progress, ~25% complete, will be ready to cool g-2 storage ring in FY15 • MC-1 Building GPP provides building to house experiment, cryo refrigerators, beamline power supplies – cryo beneficial occupancy, full B.O. this spring • Beamline Enclosure GPP provides tunnel enclosure for new beamlines • MC Infrastructure GPP provides cooling for cryo compressors and extension of MI-52 building needed for new Recycler extraction Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  40. g-2 Accelerator Design MC-1 building new beamline to storage ring Delivery Ring (former Antiproton Debuncher) Reusing former Antiproton-Source target station • Upgrading lithium-lens and momentum-selection magnet power supplies to pulse at g-2 repetition rate Adapting instrumentation to measure low-intensity secondary beam characteristics • Beam tests in progress Re-designing secondary beamlines to capture as many 3.1-GeV muons from pion decay as possible Designing new beamline to transport muons to g-2 storage ring Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  41. Proton Improvement Plan-II Goals Strategy Proton Improvement Plan-II supports longer term physics research goals by providing increased beam power to LBNE while providing a platform for the future Design Criteria Deliver 1.2 MW of proton beam power from the Main Injector to the LBNE target at 120 GeV, with power approaching 1 MW at energies down to 60 GeV, at the start of LBNE operations Continue support for the current 8 GeV program, including Mu2e, Muon g-2, and the suite of short-baseline neutrino experiments Provide a platform for eventual extension of beam power to LBNE to >2 MW Provide a platform for extension of capability to high duty factor/higher beam power operations Increase Booster/Recycler/Main Injector per pulse intensity by ~50%. Requires increasing the Booster injection energy Select 800 MeV as preferred Booster injection energy 30% reduction in space-charge tune shift w/ 50% increase in beam intensity Provides margin for lower beam loss at higher intensities Modest modifications to Booster/Recycler/Main Injector To accommodate higher intensities and higher Booster injection energy Cost effective solution: 800 MeV superconducting pulsed linac, extendible to support >2 MW operations to LBNE and upgradable to continuous wave (CW) operations Builds on significant existing infrastructure Capitalizes on major investment in superconducting rf technologies Eliminates significant operational risks inherent in existing linac Siting consistent with eventual replacement of the Booster as the source of protons for injection into Main Injector Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  42. Proton Improvement Plan-IISite Layout (provisional) Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  43. Future Extension Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  44. Summary Fermilabcame out of major shutdown in position to re-establish the most intense high energy neutrino beam: • Rapidly up to good performance from MI: >250 kW now, >500 kW within the next year (by integrating Reycler) • Upgrades to the Linac, Booster, Recycler, Main Injector, NuMI target hall Booster neutrino program • MicroBooNE Running beam in support of • High intensity for SeaQuest , TBF, MTA FY14 long shut down planning started Focusing on PIP, Muon Campus AIPs, g-2, Mu2e, LBNE and PIP-II (in the future) Defined performance metrics for support of the experiments, programs, and projects Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  45. Back-up slides Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  46. Startup and Operation Shutdown for ANU installation began Monday, April 30, 2012 November 2012 RFQ startup and commissioning January 2013 Booster startup and commissioning Flood at Lab occurred April 17th & 18th of 2013 Surge arrestor at Kautz Road SubStation (KRS) fails. Inspection revealed another bad arrestor Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  47. Startup and Operation - Continued First Main Injector beam injected & circulated to dump on July 30, 2013 Recycler Lambertson overheated during testing on July 31st, 2013 First beam to NuMI target on August 5th, 2013 MI vacuum problem allowed startup but not high intensity running. Shut down to repair it on August 6th , 2013 MI vacuum problem resolved August 28th , 2013 Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  48. Startup and Operation - Continued Smooth running to NuMI target on September 4th, 2013 First beam in Recycler on September 13th, 2013 First beam to Fermilab Test Beamline Facility (FTBF) on September 15th, 2013 Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  49. Startup and Operation - Continued Accelerator Readiness Review (ARR) to allow 700kW Beam operation from October 01st through October 3rd, 2013 • Fermilab Site Office (FSO) reviewed and approved Accelerator Safety Envelope (ASE) for 700kW operation on November 20th, 2013 First beam to BNB for Engineering Run on October 22nd, 2013 November 5th, 2013 an “alphasorb” wipe was removed from beam line at 308 location in Recycler Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

  50. Startup and Operation - Continued First beam to SeaQuest on November 8th, 2013 Slip stacking in Recycler, transfer, and recapture in Main Injector on December 12th, 2013 (2 batch) First beam to Muon Campus for studies on January 15th, 2013 Sergei Nagaitsev, Fermilab PAC, Jan. 22-24, 2014

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