Genetic Engineering

1. Genetic Engineering Unit 2-4 Notes Mr. Hefti – Pulaski Biology

2. Selective Breeding • Produces domestic animals and new varieties of plants with desirable traits • Healthier meatfrom animals bred to contain less fat • Fruits and vegetables • Larger • Sweeter • Hardier • Juicier

3. Selective Breeding • Cross bean plant producing many podswith bean plant resisting fungal infections • Result? Seeds that grow into bean plants with many pods and fungus resistance

4. Selective Breeding • Classic example is in dog breeding • Genes from different breeds crossed to produce new breeds with desirable traits • Olfaction – blood hound • Speed – grayhound • Long body – dachshund • Strength – bulldog • Herding – sheepdog

5. Pros & Cons Selective breeding + Inexpensive + Low tech - Not always guaranteed to get desired traits Genetic engineering + Guaranteed to get desired traits - Expensive + / -High tech - Controversial

6. Diabetes

7. Q: How is human insulin made for diabetics? A: Genetic engineering (altering an organism’s DNA to serve a purpose)

8. Step 1 – Isolate bacterial DNA (plasmid) Step 2 – Cut open plasmid w/ restriction enzymes

9. Step 3 – Isolate human DNA of interest Step 4 – Place human and bacteria DNA fragments together

10. Step 5 – Join fragments together using other enzymes Step 6 – Insert into bacteria and let them make copies asexually and carry out instructions of genetic code.