TRIZ Introduction

1. TRIZ Introduction

2. Announcements • No Class, Monday, 11-Nov-2013 • Work on project • Device demonstration 10th week (13-Nov) during lab: • Final Exam, Wednesday, 20-Nov. at 6:00 PM • O231 – Section 01 • O233 – Section 02

3. Product Development Phases Planning Concept Development System-Level Design Detail Design Testing and Refinement Production Ramp-Up Concept Development Process Mission Statement Development Plan Identify Customer Needs Establish Target Specifications Generate Product Concepts Select Product Concept(s) Test Product Concept(s) Set Final Specifications Plan Downstream Development Perform Economic Analysis Benchmark Competitive Products Build and Test Models and Prototypes

4. Review

5. TRIZ A Russian acronym: TheoriaResheneyvaIsobretatelskehuhZadach (Theory of Solving Problems Inventively) Or (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) TIPS

6. TRIZ • GenrichAltshuller, 1950’s • Way of thinking • One of the better known approaches in commercial settings • Output of process • solution paths and concepts • better more cleanly defined problem and project • MANY solution concepts • From the study of new products/inventions, Altschuller identified 5 levels of innovation 3 1 2

7. Altshuller’s Five Levels of Innovation • Level 1 (32% of designs) Conventional design solutions arrived at by methods well known in the technology area of the system • Level 2 (45% of designs) Minor corrections made to an existing system by well known methods at the expense of some compromise in behavior

8. Altshuller’s Five Levels of Innovation • Level 3 (18% of designs) Fundamental improvements to an existing system by methods known outside the industry

9. Altshuller’s Five Levels of Innovation • Level 4 (4% of designs) Solutions based on application of a new scientific principle to eliminate basic performance compromises. This type of invention will cause a paradigm shift in the technology sector. • Level 5 (<1% of designs) Pioneering inventions based on a discovery outside of known science and known technology.

10. TRIZ Strategies • Increase the Ideality of a product or system • Identify the product’s place in its evolution to ideality and force the next step • Identify key physical or technological contradictions in the product and revise the design to overcome them using inventive principles • Model a product or system using substance-field (Su-Field) analysis and apply candidate modifications

11. Contradictions • Physical • One object has contradictory requirements • Example: the object must be hot and cold • Technical • Trade-offs • Something gets better, something else gets worse • Example: as acceleration time gets faster, the car gets more expensive

12. Overall Approach Your Problem General Problem Your Solution General Solution

13. Using Inventive Principles To Eliminate Technical Contradictions Altshuller found that technical contradictions could be described in terms of system parametric features. One system feature isimproved… Another system feature isworsened... From his study of patents, Altshuller found these features could be condensed to a standard list of 39.

14. Standard Features:Technical Contradiction Elimination

15. This information was organized in a matrix. Contradiction Matrix

16. Try the supplied Excel Spreadsheet containing the matrix. The wording may be slightly different from our slide because this matrix is free. Use Improving Feature: Length of stationary object Use Worsening Feature: Weight of stationary object

17. The Numbers Supplied Refer to the 40 Inventive Principles Principle 28 Mechanics substitution • Replace a mechanical means with a sensory (optical, acoustic, taste or smell) means. • Replace a physical fence to confine a dog or cat with an acoustic "fence" (signal audible to the animal). • Use a bad smelling compound in natural gas to alert users to leakage, instead of a mechanical or electrical sensor. • B. Use electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields to interact with the object. • To mix 2 powders, electrostatically charge one positive and the other negative. Either use fields to direct them, or mix them mechanically and let their acquired fields cause the grains of powder to pair up. • C. Change from static to movable fields, from unstructured fields to those having structure. • Early communications used omnidirectional broadcasting. We now use antennas with very detailed structure of the pattern of radiation. • D. Use fields in conjunction with field-activated (e.g. ferromagnetic) particles. • Heat a substance containing ferromagnetic material by using varying magnetic field. When the temperature exceeds the Curie point, the material becomes paramagnetic, and no longer absorbs heat.

18. Useful Links http://www.triz-journal.com/ Go to the link below and download the 40 Inventive Principles http://www.triz-journal.com/archives/1997/07/b/index.html

19. Now you try an example: Piping of Steel Shot • Pipe for transporting steel shot • Problem: Pipe wears out at spots from steel shot movement. • Conflict: Shot must move, but movement causes wear.

20. An Actual Used Solution • Pipe for transporting steel shot • Problem: Pipe wears out at spots from steel shot movement. • Conflict: Shot must move, but movement causes wear. • TRIZ Conflict • Improving objective: Productivity (#39) • Worsening objective: Loss of substance (#23) • Suggested principles: #10: Preliminary action, #23: Feedback, #35: Parameter changes, and • #28: Mechanical interaction substitution -- Use electrical, magnetic fields to interact with object. • Solution • Place a magnet at high wear spots (corners) to adhere shot to pipe to create a coating.

21. What if the pellets are plastic?

22. Try Another One Airbags need to inflate before contacting occupants and they also need to inflate fast to prevent forward motion of the occupants. We would like to inflate the air bags faster while decreasing the adverse effects.

23. Principle 16: Partial or Excessive Action • If it is difficult to obtain 100% of a desired effect, achieve more or less of the desired effect. • Example: Roll the walls of a room that you are painting, then finish the gap. • Air bag problem: Use a lower powered air bag. By using less power the acceleration of the bag is less, and injuries will be reduced. • Air bag problem: Use smaller air bags with higher power. These bags will reach full inflation sooner.

24. Principle 21: Rushing Through • Perform harmful and hazardous operations at a very high speed. • Example: Cut plastic faster than heat can propagate in the material to avoid deforming the shape. • Air Bag Example: Inflate the air bag faster than current practice.

25. Example: Inverted Ketchup Bottle Inventive Principles 10 Preliminary Action 11 Before-hand Compensation 13 Other Way Around 20 Continuity of Useful Action

26. Example: Bb Clarinet Stand 1 2 Inventive Principles 01 Segmentation 07 Nested Doll 15 Dynamic Parts 3 4

27. Example: Dissolving/Throwaway Films Inventive Principles 27 Cheap Short-Living Objects 34 Discarding and Recovering

28. Example: Storage Shelf System Lag bolt and fender washer steady shelf system. 2x4 transfers load. Wall Floor supports shelf system. Inventive Principles 06 Multi-functionality or Universality 09 Weight Compensation 13 Other Way Around 16 Partial or Excessive Actions 24 Intermediary Floor Footer

29. 1 2 3 Example: Collectables Display Shelf Inventive Principles 01 Segmentation 04 Symmetry Change 07 Nested Doll 22 Blessing in Disguise

30. Example: “Good Neighbor” Fence Inventive Principles 01 Segmentation 03 Local Quality 40 Composite Materials

31. Contradictions • Physical • One object has contradictory requirements • Example: the object must be hot and cold • Technical • Trade-offs • Something gets better, something else gets worse • Example: as acceleration time gets faster, the car gets more expensive

32. Inventive Principles:Physical Contradiction Physical contradictions exist when a system has mutually opposing requirements. A system featuremust be present… This system featuremust not be present… • A pen tip should be sharp to draw fine lines, but blunt to avoid tearing paper • Aircraft landing gear are needed for landing but not needed for efficient flight. • Sandblasting abrasive must be present to abrade but not present as an abrasive contaminant.

33. Separation Principles Separation principles are inventive principles that are used to eliminate physical contradictions.

34. Separation Principles • Opposite physical states can be separated: • In Time • In Space • Between the system and its components • Multiple physical states coexist in the same system.

35. Separation in Space • Separate the zones of conflicting requirements. • Make the objects within every zone meet one of the requirements. • Consider both physical space and phase space.

36. PLATING METAL PARTS • To plate metal parts with nickel they were placed in a bath of nickel salt. The bath was heated to increase the productivity of the process. However, heating reduced the stability of the salt solution and it started to decompose. ®Ideation International

37. Stating the Problem • Technical Contradiction • Heating increases productivity, but wastes material. • Control parameter is temperature • Physical Contradiction • Temperature should be high to increase productivity and temperature should be low to avoid waste

38. SEPARATION IN SPACE • In the nickel plating of parts, increased temperature is necessary only in proximity to the parts. To accomplish this, the parts themselves may be heated, rather than the solution.

39. Example: Separation in Space Asymmetric Brush Fibers must be short to strip dirt and long to sweep dirt away Example from Techoptimizer 3.01

40. SEPARATION IN SPACE • A characteristic is made larger in one place and smaller in another • A characteristic is present in one place and absent in another • Example: Submarines which pull sonar detectors drag the detectors at the end of several thousand feet of cable to separate the detector from the noise of the submarine • Example: Bifocal glasses • Example: Different spaces can be utilized to solve different problems, i.e., protect a wound, adhere to the skin and allow the skin to breath.

41. Separation in Space • Consider the following Inventive Principles • Segmentation • Taking Out • Local Quality • Asymmetry • Nested Doll • Another Dimension • Intermediary • Cheap Short Living Try attacking your problem both as a technical contradiction and physical contradiction.

42. Separation in Time • Separate the periods of conflicting requirements. • Make the objects within every period meet one of the requirements.

43. SEPARATION IN TIME • A characteristic is made larger at one time and smaller at another • A characteristic is present at one time and absent at another • Example: Concrete piles must be pointed for easy driving but not pointed to support a load. The piles are made with pointed tips which are destroyed after driving, via an embedded explosive. • Example: Aircraft wings are longer for takeoff, and then pivot back for high speed flight. • Example: Consider the problem of sand accumulation with abrasive sandblasting. An effective solution is to use dry ice chips as the abrasive. After abrading, the chips will simply disappear by sublimation.

44. Separation in Time Example Short, high energy pulse for cracking and Long, low energy pulse to move rock away Example from Techoptimizer 3.01

45. Separation in Time Consider the following Inventive Principles • Preliminary Anti-action • Preliminary Action • Beforehand Cushioning • Dynamics • Partial or Excessive Action • Mechanical Vibration • Periodic Action • Continuity of Useful Action • Skipping • Pneumatics and Hydraulics • Discarding and Recovering

46. Separation in Time Example Technical Contradiction: Rapidly spilling fluid produces an unbalanced force resulting in uncontrolled poppet valve closure. Physical Contradiction: Valve should be like a force balanced spool valve to remain open during spilling and also like a poppet valve (i.e., not like a force balanced spool valve) to prevent leakage when closed. Separation Principle(s) Separation in Time - Spool valve qualities when open and poppet valve qualities when closed Inventive Principle(s) 07 Nested Doll 08 Anti-Weight 13 Other Way Around 15 Dynamics

47. Separation in Time Example Solution: Novel valve assembly is biased open by spilling fluid yet seals when controllably closed (US 10/001,784). • Benefits: • No uncontrolled closing regardless of spill rate • Low spill resistance • Low actuator force • No boost voltage • Electric Motive Force (EMF) motion diagnostics.

48. Separation Between the System and its Components • Increase the number of the objects (or its subsystems) and separate the conflicting requirements between: • The objects (or subsystems). • The objects and the whole system.

49. Separation Between the System and its Components Flexible to form around workpiece and Rigid to hold workpiece in place. Example from Techoptimizer 3.01

50. SEPARATION BETWEEN THE SYSTEM AND ITS COMPONENTS • A characteristic has one value at the system level and the opposite value at the component level • A characteristic exists at the system level but not at the component level (or vice versa) • Example: A bicycle chain is rigid at the micro-level for strength, and flexible at the macro-level. • Example: Epoxy resin and hardener are liquid until mixed, then they solidify.