Introduction to TRIZ Educational training Part 2

1. Introduction toTRIZEducational trainingPart 2

2. Defining the Opportunities To formulate Opportunities we use the following control questions and templates: Question: What functions do we want to maximize?Opportunity: Find a way to improve the useful function. Question: What functions do we want to minimize?Opportunity: Find a way to counteract the harmful function. Question: What contradiction do we have if try to apply a known solution?Opportunity: Resolve the contradiction: Contradictory Function should produce a useful result, and should not produce a harmful result. Select Opportunities for Guided Brainstorming

3. Guided BrainstormingProcess Steps 4: Generate Ideas Challenge and Problem Define Objectives Formulate Opportunities Generate Ideas Develop Concepts Solution Transform a challenge into a well defined inventive problem Define opportunities and generate preliminary ideas Evaluate ideas and develop solution concept

4. Inventive Principles Patents (worldwide) Inventive Principles 2,000,000 60 • The same inventive principles have been used over and over again. • The screening of more than two million patents has yielded 60 principles incorporated in our method.

5. Inventive Principle “Integrate” Consolidate two or more systems for a synergistic effect (1 + 1 = 3 rule)

6. How Inventive Principles Work -b±√b2 - 4ac 2a x= Trialanderrorapproach Abstract Problem Abstract Solution ax2+bx+c=0 Problem Solution x=-1,-2/3 3x2+5x+2=0

7. How Inventive Principles Work Problem Solution Combine separation and transportation Where place separator? Inventive Principle Conduct sequential functions simultaneously ? Trial and errorapproach Real World Problem Real World Solution

8. Applying Inventive Principles • Create a series of mental images of change. Simply imagine that the Inventive Principle implemented. • Write down all ideas. • If one mental image of change doesn’t work, then apply additional inventive principles to form hybrid images. Applying two inventive principles (Partitioning and Integration) to improve the design of an ax.

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10. The Same Principles

11. Basic directions to new Ideas Change Outcome (Vision) (How it’s used) Mobilize Resources (What it takes) Change Functioning (How it works)

12. Mobilize Resources Space – free, unoccupied space in the system and its surroundings Substances – all of the materials and elements in the system and its surroundings System Energy – any type of energy, action or force available within the system or its environment Time – time intervals before, after and between cycles of the process which are available for use Information – knowledge about the system which can be obtained though interaction with fields and substances • There are more resources than you might realize at first. • The most creative solutions use resources that are already in the system.

13. Mobilize Resources Electrical heater example Air What resources are available in this system? Majority of people: Copper wire, air, voltage, current

14. Mobilize Resources “Ready” Resources Copper Contaminates Type Amount Diameter Length Shape of Wire Amount Form of signal (A/C) Frequency Amount Form of signal (A/C) Frequency Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Pressure Temperature Speed “Derived” Resources Wire Current Voltage Air Resistance Magnetic Field Oxidation Moisture Cooling/Heat Dissipation There are more resources than you might realize at first.

15. Fishing Boats: Iced, Capsized, Sunk Resource Needed to Remove Ice A lot of heat

16. Mobilize Resources Saving the Fishing Boats: Customer Reaction 1. Watering the boat? Nonsense! Water is our main enemy! 2. Too simple – somebody would have suggested it long ago! 3. Let’s test it! Very strange . . . but it works ! ! ! 4. Simplest implementation – paragraph added to safety instruction manual

17. Change Functioning How to measure the length of a poisonous snake?

18. Change Functioning Inventive Principle - Use a Model Logs transported must be measured to calculate volumes. Photographs are taken and measuring the images. Buildings near the Arctic Circle constructed on piles. The positions of the piles must be measured. Photographs are taken and measure the images.

19. Change Functioning We can employ the inventive principle Use a Model or Copy. Take a photograph of the snakes and measure them with a curvemeter to calculate the actual length.

20. Change Functioning Valve travel stop Ball Metal waste from stamping process is about 82% Pump Ball Valve

21. Change Functioning Inventive principle: Exclude

22. Change Outcome (Vision) Coring bell peppers Shelling sunflower seeds Start the engine Splitting diamonds Intensify byConcentrating Resources

23. Change Outcome (Vision) Unwrapping Ball Bearings Apply the Inventive Principle “Intensify” to “Unwrap ball bearings”

24. Resolving Contradictions • Resolve the contradiction by separating contradictory requirements: • Separate in Space • Separate in Time • Separate in Structure • Separate on Conditions

25. Resolve the Contradiction The lower part of the lens serves for reading; the upper part provides correction for long-distance vision Separation in Space:A function should be in one place and should not be in another

26. Resolve the Contradiction The airplane wings can extend to provide large area for landing, and retract for high-speed flight Separation in Time:A function should be during one time and should not be during another

27. Resolve the Contradiction A bicycle chain is made up of multiple rigid components, yet is flexible overall Separation in Structure:A function should be at the system level and should not be at the component level (or vice versa)

28. Resolve the Contradiction A light-sensitive circuit is open in the presence of light and closed in the dark Separation on Condition:A function should beunder one condition and should not be under another

29. Contradiction The Boeing 737 required bigger engines with more air flow. This can be achieved by increasing the diameter of the engine. But a larger air intake would reduce the ground clearance.

30. Resolve the Contradiction When tire rub against a curb, the sidewall become damaged. Resolve the contradiction: Thick tire should produce protect from damage, and should not produce expensive and heavy tires. Separate contradictory requirements in space by the Inventive Principle “Different locations.” - Separate the function into two states and assign them to different locations. Asymmetric tire have the outer sidewall thicker than the inner sidewall. This increases the strength where necessary, while saving weight and material.

31. Resolve the Contradiction Resolve the contradiction: Lager engine diameter should produce Increases air intake, and should not produceDecreases ground clearance. Separate in Space by the Inventive Principle “Different locations” Idea: make the radius of the air intake large in one direction

32. Inventive Principles Work Together Preliminary action+ Counteract Preliminary Counteraction + Localize Local preliminary counteraction

33. Rescuing a Ship Rescuing a Ship Stranded on a Sand Bar Resolve the Contradiction: Strong water flow should produce Ship is rescued fast and should not produce Recoil pushes diver away.

34. Rescuing a Ship Ideal vision:monitor itself compensates for recoil Energy resource - excessive water pressure Integrate - connect a second monitor in the opposite direction to compensate for the recoil Exclude - second monitor, but complete the function “compensate recoil” by a water stream Solution - make a hole in back of the existing monitor