Pakistan and her neighbours

1. Pakistan and her neighbours

2. SECURITY SITUATION IN AFGHANISTAN/FATA ECONOMIC COSTS

3. Security Environment • “Threat to Afghanistan is from five elements namely; Taliban, drug mafia, warlords, tribal and political rivalries” • Gen. James Jones, NATO Commander

4. Security Situation The Security situation in Afghanistan is worsening During 2008, attack on NATO Forces/Afghan Government installations increased by 40% – Violence not confined to areas adjacent to Pak-Afghan border but in provinces deep inside Afghanistan Taliban/Al-Qaeda resistance is turning into a mass scale insurgency Taliban have raised thousands of recruits who are paid better salaries than are paid to Government employees. According to perception in the local population, Taliban have reorganized and exercise control over large areas of Southern and Eastern Afghanistan. 4 Southern provinces – Helmand, Kandhar, Zabul and Uruzgan are the main base and command center of Taliban and also of drugs.

5. Cross Border Movement - 2560 km Pak-Afghan border remains mostly un demarcated, ill- defined and porous. - There are 362 crossing points out of which 20 crossing points are frequented and 340 unfrequented - Most crossings take place from unfrequented routes - 10,000 to 30,000 people cross Torkham/Chaman border every day. (Businessmen, tribes, NGOs, international agencies, illegal immigrants)

6. Pakistan’s Dilemma • The situation in tribal areas of Pakistan will remain volatile due to instability in Afghanistan • Three million Afghan refugees in Pakistan for the last 30 years – a major economic drain, some of the Afghan refugee camps also provide save havens to Afghan insurgents • Lack of resources to enforce border control • The legacy of 30 years have established strong linkages between extremist elements in Pakistan with Taliban and Al-Qaeda • External interference in NWFP and Baluchistan.

7. Pakistan’s Role in bringing about stability in Afghanistan and Tribal Areas • Deployment of 1,20,000 troops along Pak-Afghan border and establishment of 900 border posts • Pakistan still hosting more than 3 million Afghan refugees • In our fight against Al-Qaeda and Taliban more than 1000 of Pakistan troops have lost lives • Pakistan has captured more than 700 Al-Qaeda and Taliban elements and handed over to the US and Afghan Government • Stable Afghanistan is Pakistan’s interest to ensure stability in Pakistan and for economic development of Pakistan and the region • Pakistan is providing 300 million $ assistance to Afghanistan • Pakistan provides training to Afghan Customs and Diplomats • Registration of Afghan refugees • Introduction of biometrics system

8. PAKISTAN SHOULD DO MORE?

9. Characteristics of Pak-Afghan Border Pakistan shares 2560 kms long border with Afghanistan, out of which 1360 kms border is with NWFP while the remaining 1200 kms is shared with Balochistan BADAKSHAN MINTAKA CHITRAL NURISTAN 1360 km KUNAR NWFP NANGARHAR AFGHANISTAN PESHAWAR PAKTIA KHYBER KHOWST 2560 km PAKTIKA NWA BANNU ZABUL SWA KANDAHAR ZHOB BALOCHISTAN CHAMAN NIMROZ QUETTA HELMAND 9 1200 km ROBAT NAUSHKI NOK KUNDI

10. KHYBER KURRAM ORAKZAI NWA BAJAUR Characteristics of Pak-Afghan Border MOMAND PARACHINAR AFGHANISTAN FATA comprises 4200 sq kms of the Pak – Afghan border belt, which was considered ‘No Go Area’ before these operations PAKISTAN SWA

11. Characteristics of Pak-Afghan Border Pak - Afghan Border belt consists of mountainous inhospitable terrain with heights ranging from 6000 to 15000 feet 11

12. North Waziristan Characteristics of Pak-Afghan Border The area on both sides of the border lacks basic infrastructure, due to which it is mostly under developed and quite inaccessible. This makes logistic support and sustenance of forces extremely difficult 12

13. MINTAKA PASS Characteristics of Pak-Afghan Border BROGHIL PASS BADAKSHAN DORA PASS GILGIT CHITRAL NURISTAN ARANDU PASS Bari Kot KUNAR DIR BAJAUR NAWA PASS Nawa Pass NANGARHAR KABUL MOHAMAND Torkham KHYBER PASS KABUL The tribal border belt has split families and tribes with property on both sides; therefore, cross border movement has been an accepted practice since long PESHAWAR KHYBER KURRAM PAKTIA GHAZNI Chamkani KHOWST Lawara ALWARA NWA INDUS PAKTIKA ANGOOR ADDA SWA GOMAL 13

14. Strategy being Followed • Application of military and para military forces to destroy hard core elements and establish the writ of the government, coupled with extensive deployment along the border to control cross border movement • Engagement at the political level to secure the desired objectives Cont 14

15. Strategy being Followed • Revitalisation of the civil administration to improve governance • Development of civic infrastructure of the region. For this purpose, Pakistan has allocated US $ 80 million while United States has promised US $ 150 million every year 15

16. Operations Conducted by Pakistan Armed Forces Pakistan Army has established 821 posts along the border, as against approximately 120 that have been established by Afghan National Army and NATO 16

17. Operations Conducted by Pakistan Armed Forces Approximately 1,12,000 regular and para military forces are presently employed on our Western Border BADAKSHAN MINTAKA CHITRAL NURISTAN KUNAR NWFP NANGARHAR AFGHANISTAN PESHAWAR PAKTIA KHYBER KHOWST PAKTIKA NWA BANNU ZABUL SWA KANDAHAR ZHOB BALOCHISTAN CHAMAN NIMROZ QUETTA HELMAND 17 ROBAT NAUSHKI NOK KUNDI

18. Operations Conducted by Pakistan Armed Forces • 110 major operations by Pakistani Forces • 13 joint operations with Coalition Forces BADAKSHAN MINTAKA CHITRAL NURISTAN KUNAR NWFP NANGARHAR AFGHANISTAN PESHAWAR PAKTIA KHYBER KHOWST PAKTIKA NWA BANNU ZABUL SWA KANDAHAR ZHOB BALOCHISTAN CHAMAN NIMROZ QUETTA HELMAND 18 ROBAT NAUSHKI NOK KUNDI

19. Casualty Figures Pakistan Armed Forces Martyred (Killed)Injured 1500 3746 19

20. A NEW STRATEGY • Objectives 1) To end Suicide Bombings 2) Pacify FATA 3) Halt the spread of Taliban and militant influence 4) Support the stabilization of Afghanistan

21. ELEMENTS OF THE NEW STRATEGY 1) POLITICAL (Dialogue with Tribal elders, those willing to lay down Arms). 2) ECONOMIC (Reconstruction activity. employment). 3) MILITARY (Military action against those unwilling to surrender).

22. ECONOMIC COSTS • Absence of economic development • Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India Pipeline Project • Negative effect on Education, Health in Afghanistan and Tribal Areas of Pakistan. • Foreign Direct Investment. • Transit and Access to sea of land locked States of Central Asian Republics and Afghanistan. • Destruction of infrastructure. • Environmental costs.

23. Challenges…….International • Bilateral: India, USA, China, Afghanistan, Iran • Regional: SAARC • World Forums: UN, OIC, WB • Image: • Terrorist / Extremist • Democracy • Human Rights • Minorities - Protection • Women- Rapes / Votes • Nuclear proliferation

24. Challenges…….National • Economy: • Sustain macro economic achievements • Strengthen Micro economics • Poverty Alleviation Programs • Control Inflation & Price Hike • Politics: • Decency, free from coercions and state interference • Provincial Harmony: Federal & Concurrent Lists • Social: • Extremism: President’s Enlightened Moderation Strategy • Basic amenities: Education, Health, Safe Drinking Water • Law & Order: Batta’s, Theft (Mobiles,ATMs), Murders & Rapes • Security • Internal Dissent

25. AGENDA for CHANGE • Strengthen: All Institutions • Focus: On EDUCATION • Develop: Merit based society • Acquire: Knowledge and learn • Engage: In Research • Unite: irrespective of ethnic origin, language, religion, religious sect, region etc • Agree on National Agenda • All Parties, All Regions, ALL PEOPLE • Zero Tolerance for Corruption • Can we do it?