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Israel and Pakistan

Israel and Pakistan. The Creation of Pakistan: A Look Back. India is one of the oldest civilizations (2800BC) Ruled by Hindus until 700 AD Ruled by Muslims thereafter until 1857 British made India a colony after taking over Indian Nationalist Congress Party formed in 1885

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Israel and Pakistan

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  1. Israel and Pakistan

  2. The Creation of Pakistan: A Look Back • India is one of the oldest civilizations (2800BC) • Ruled by Hindus until 700 AD • Ruled by Muslims thereafter until 1857 • British made India a colony after taking over • Indian Nationalist Congress Party formed in 1885 • Wanted Independence

  3. Muslim League Party (1906) • Also wanted independence • Worried about Hindus controlling India • Hindus greatly outnumbered Muslims • 140 million Muslims in India at the time • They wanted Muslim Rule • Wanted India to be split • Too many differences to stay together • Two Nation Theory: • India for Hindus • Pakistan for Muslims

  4. WWII and the United Nations • Britain was devastated after WWII • Freed colonies as a result • Britain handed over the responsibility of India to the United Nations • The UN decided to split India • Split by religion in 1947 • Caused problems that still exist today

  5. The Split • Split three ways • East Pakistan, West Pakistan, and India • India was located in between both Pakistans • East and West Pakistan were 1,000 miles apart • People had to move to their new countries • Violence resulted • 27 million Hindus and Muslims still lived in the wrong countries • India had been divided into 500 states by Britain • Both Hindus and Muslims ruled different states • Many of these states merged after the split

  6. Two Problems • Hyderabad and Kashmir • Hyderabad: Muslim ruler with Hindu citizens • Simply given to India, though the Muslims rejected • An appeal was made to the UN; nothing resulted • Kashmir: Hindu ruler with Muslim citizens • Kashmir bordered West Pakistan • Both sides sent soldiers to claim Kashmir in 1948 • The UN imposed a cease fire and divided Kashmir • ¼ of Kashmir went to Pakistan • The leader of West Pakistan was born in Kashmir

  7. Second War • No election for Kashmir like was promised • 2nd war was in 1965 • Thousands died for no gains • Russia brought about the cease fire

  8. Pakistan Civil War • East Pakistanis differed from the West Pakistan • Skin color, language (Bengali and English), degree of religious importance • West Pakistan controlled 99% of their army • India would not allow West Pakistan to pass through their country, though. • East Pakistan won as a result and became Bangladesh in 1971 • Desh=country

  9. The Creation of Israel: A Look Back • Ancient Romans expelled Jews from Israel • Palestine became the new region title • Palestine was conquered by the Arabs in 638AD • They were not free until well after WWI

  10. Broken Promises • Arabs agreed to fight for the Allies in WWI • Arabs would get freedom • Fought bravely to defeat the Ottoman Empire • “Secret Treaties of London” • New agreement reached behind the Arab’s back • The Allies colonized the Middle East • British: Palestine and Iraq • France: Syria and Lebanon

  11. Israel’s Return • Jews began returning to Palestine before WWI • A divine right; their dream • British told Arabs they were not going to give Jews their own state • They lied: Balfour Declaration • Palestine was upset and objected • Over 600,000 Muslims in Palestine then • Only 55,000 Jewish people

  12. A Growing Problem • By 1939, 445,000 Jews resided in Palestine • Emigrated from Europe • Clashes began between the British and Arabs • Terror groups arose • Caused Britain to set up a commission to decide the fate of Palestine

  13. Recommendations • 1. Terminate Rule over Palestine • 2. Split Palestine into two states • 3. Internationalize Jerusalem and Bethlehem • Why is Jerusalem so important? • 4. Quota for Jewish Population • Both Arabs and Jews did not want a quota • Arabs wanted no more Jews • Jews wanted no limitations

  14. United Nations Gets Involved • Britain was tired of this continuing problem • In 1948, the UN intervened and split Palestine • Israel was created • The UN would rule Jerusalem • The Arabs rejected this agreement • Arabs said the UN could only make recommendations, but not enforce. Is this true?

  15. Arab-Israeli War • The Israelis and Arabs went to war immediately and did not end until a UN cease fire was implemented • Three results of the war: • 1. 800,000 Arab refugees fled the region • Israel would not let them back after the conflict • They now number over 4,000,000 • UN gives them some money • Israel gave refugee homes to more European refugees • More terrorism resulted

  16. Arab-Israeli War Continued • 2. No peace treaty; a cease fire • 3. Borders based on the cease fire • Israel increased land size from 5,500 to 8,000 sq. miles • More wars in 1967, 1973, and 1982; continued terrorism to this day • Disputed territory in the West Bank and Gaza Strip • In 1967, Israel fought Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria all at once • How did they survive?.....they actually gained land, but UN Resolution 242 was adopted • Anwar Sadat in 1973

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