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Recognizing Different Sports Injuries

Recognizing Different Sports Injuries. TYPES OF INJURIES. ACUTE Caused by trauma Happens immediately CHRONIC Caused by overuse Happens over time. FRACTURES. DEFINITION - Break in the continuity of the bone Can range from a crack to crushing of the bone. FRACTURES.

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Recognizing Different Sports Injuries

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  1. Recognizing Different Sports Injuries

  2. TYPES OF INJURIES • ACUTE • Caused by trauma • Happens immediately • CHRONIC • Caused by overuse • Happens over time

  3. FRACTURES • DEFINITION - Break in the continuity of the bone • Can range from a crack to crushing of the bone

  4. FRACTURES • Can be an open or closed fracture • Open • AKA “compound fracture” • Bone is exposed through the skin • Closed • Unexposed fracture

  5. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Transverse • Fracture occurs in a straight line, perpendicular to the bone shaft • Cause – direct blow

  6. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Longitudinal • Bone splits lengthwise through the shaft • Cause – landing a jump from good height

  7. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Oblique • Is diagonal across the bone • Cause – twisting with one end stabilized

  8. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Spiral • S-shaped fracture up the bone • Cause – similar to oblique fracture, twisting with one end planted or stabilized

  9. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Impacted • Bone is compressed and therefore shortened • Cause – landing from a great height

  10. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Comminuted • Three or more fragments of bone • Cause – direct blow or falling awkwardly

  11. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Depressed • Occurs in flat bones (ex. skull) where the bones are pushed in/depressed • Cause – direct blow with hard object

  12. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Greenstick • Incomplete fracture through the bone • Common in adolescents • They are called greenstick because these fractures are similar to the branches of trees during the spring/summer – they bend but do not break

  13. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Blowout • Fracture of the orbit of the eye • Cause - Direct blow to the eye

  14. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Avulsion • Ligament or tendon pulls away part of the bone • Cause – sudden twist or stretch

  15. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Contrecoup • Occurs on opposite side of where force was directed • In skull, object hits one side and forces internal structures to other side causing a fracture.

  16. TYPES OF FRACTURES • Stress • Chronic injury, results from repetitive stress and fatigue • Malnourishment or poor biomechanics can lead to these fractures • Most common in weight bearing bones

  17. Healing of a fracture • Immobilization, 4-6 wks leg and arm, 3-6 smaller bones, hand or feet • A callus (new bone) forms over a fracture • Osteoblasts – bone forming cells • Osteo means bone • Blast means forming • Osteoclasts – absorbs bone tissue • function to reshape bone and respond to normal stress and strain after cast is removed

  18. OPEN SOFT TISSUE INJURIES • These are injuries where layers of the skin are exposed or injured • Abrasion • Commonly known as a scrape • Scraping or rubbing away of layer or layers of the skin

  19. OPEN SOFT TISSUE INJURIES • Puncture wound • Object penetrates layer(s) of the skin

  20. OPEN SOFT TISSUE INJURIES • Laceration • Irregular, jagged cut of skin • Usually required stitches

  21. OPEN SOFT TISSUE INJURIES • Incision • Skin is sharply cut, clean lines of incision • Think of surgical scars

  22. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES • Blister • Traction on skin separates layers of skin and it fills with fluid

  23. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES • Contusion • Bruise • Bleeding under skin that produces discoloration • MOI – direct blow • ACUTE

  24. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES • Myositis ossificans • Stems from a hematoma – collection of blood in a restricted area • The hematoma leads to inflammation of the muscle that leads to bone formation (ossification) • Hard to get rid of • Common in soccer players • CHRONIC

  25. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – Joints and Ligaments • Sprain – injury to joint structures (ligaments, joint capsules) • Results from abnormal motion • Graded in severity on a scale of 1-3

  26. SPRAIN • 1st degree sprain • Mild stretching of fibers but nothing is weakened or unstable • Mild pain and swelling and out 1-2 weeks

  27. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – Joints and Ligaments • 2nd degree sprain • Moderate • Some tearing of tissues – partial tear • Mild instability • Will heal with scar tissue • Moderate pain and swelling • Out 4-6 weeks

  28. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – Joints and Ligaments • 3rd degree sprain • Complete tear of the ligament • Initially painful, but it can subside • Ligaments cannot repair if completely torn • Completely unstable joint • Recovery is dependent upon surgical technique used to replace ligament

  29. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – Joints and Ligaments • Dislocation • Complete disruption in normal articulation of a joint • 3rd degree sprain • MOI – abnormal motion • Goes out and stays out • May involve a fracture as well • Fingers and shoulder are most common

  30. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – Joints and Ligaments • Subluxation • Partial dislocation • Either starts to go out of joint and reduces itself or there is a partial articulation of the joint • Will still involve tissue tearing to some extent

  31. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – Muscles and Tendons • Strain • Injury to muscle or tendon unit • Also graded on a scale of 3 with regards to severity

  32. STRAINS • 1st DEGREE STRAIN • Mild stretch of tissues • Will still have normal flexibility • Mildly painful with activity

  33. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – Muscles and Tendons • 2nd degree strain • Moderate • Partial tearing of muscle/tendon fibers • Tenderness and decreased ROM • Susceptible to full tear if not treated properly

  34. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – Muscles and Tendons • 3rd degree strain • Complete rupture of muscle or tendon • Unable to move joint, total loss of function • Muscle will “ball up” • Potentially lots of pain and spasm

  35. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – Muscles and Tendons • Spasm • Involuntary twitching or contraction of muscle • Protection mechanism • Happens after an injury to limit joint ROM to prevent further injury

  36. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – Muscles and Tendons • Tendinitis • Inflammation of a tendon • Chronic injury • Tendon will be painful & swollen • Severe tendonitis will have crepitus • Crepitus – crunchy, gravelly feeling in a tendon when the muscle contracts

  37. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES • Bursitis • Inflammation of a bursa • Bursa – small, thin fluid filled sac that aids with friction b/n skin, tendons, and muscles • When inflammed, bursa will fill with fluid • Looks like a golf ball under the skin

  38. CLOSED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES • Fascitis • Inflammation of a fascia • Fascia – broad, flat, tendon-like structure that provides support for surrounding tissues and structures

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