Exploration & Expansion

1. Exploration & Expansion Ch.13 Sec.1

2. The Big Idea… • Competition Among Countries • Europeans began exploring the world in the 1400s • Countries were motivated by religion & a lust for gold and glory • Economies in Europe soared due to this increased exploration & trade

3. Motives & Means • Europe Begins Exploring • Up until the 1400s, European countries had mostly been isolated • The Renaissance & increased education made people begin to wonder about the world around them (Marco Polo’s writings) • Countries wanted to gain power over their neighbors by finding new goods to sell and cheaper ways to get them

4. Motives & Means • Religion & Exploration • Explorers and countries also wanted to spread religion to distant parts of the world • Motto of the day:” God, Glory, Gold” • Major Exploring European Countries • Portugal • Spain • France • England • Netherlands

5. Famous European Explorers • Portugal • Vasco de Gama • Went around the tip of Africa to get to India • Prince Henry the Navigator • Convinced Portugal to pay sailors to explore around Africa

6. Famous European Explorers • Spain • Christopher Columbus • Decided to sail west instead of east to India • Found Cuba, Hispanola • Hernan Cortes • Explored Mexico to find riches & spread Catholicism • Conquered the Aztec People

7. Famous European Explorers • Spain • Ferdinand Magellan • Believed there was a water passage through these new Americas to Asia • First voyage to circumnavigate the globe • (died before reaching Spain again)

8. Spain & Portugal Negotiate • Treaty of Tordesillas • Both countries were worried the other would try and take each other's findings • Portugal got all rights east of the middle of South America • Spain got all unexplored land to the West • Other Notorious Explorers • John Cabot (England) – Discovered New England • Amerigo Vespucci (Italy) – Travelled with Cabot & wrote about what they found

9. The Spanish Empire Expands • Conquistadors • Spanish conquerors who travelled to the Americas • Montezuma • Leader of the Aztec • Conquered by Cortes & the Spanish • Francisco Pizarro • Discovered the Inca Empire while exploring S. America • Conquered them, established a Spanish colony

10. The Spanish Empire Expands • Encomienda System • Queen Isabella declared all natives of the Indies were her subjects • Encomienda system allowed Spanish settlers to use natives as laborers • Natives were put to work on plantations, in mines, and treated poorly • Were also forced to adopt Christianity

11. The Spanish Empire Expands • Columbian Exchange • Name given for the exchange between Europe & the New World • Europe to America: Diseases, wheat, horses, cattle, honey bees • Americas to Europe: Potatoes, corn, tomatoes, tobacco, tomatoes • Transformed both worlds drastically

12. European Rivalries Spread • Netherlands (Dutch) • Began sending out fleets of trade ships to buy all the goods in India • Made settlements on the east coast of N. America • England (Great Britain) • Also increased trading w/ India • Set up colonies along the east coast of N. America • France • Founded colonies in Canada & N. America