The French and Indian War (USH3)

1. The French and Indian War (USH3) • Main Idea • The French and Indian War established British dominance in North America but put a strain on the relationship with the colonists. • You will answer…. • How did France develop an empire in North America? • Why did Spain and England clash in North America? • What were major events in the French and Indian War? • What were the effects of the French and Indian War on all those involved?

3. Standard Preview SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution. a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution. b. Explain colonial response to such British actions as the Proclamation of 1763, the Stamp Act, and the Intolerable Acts as seen in Sons and Daughters of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence. c. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence.

4. EQ: What were major events in the French and Indian War? • They clashed over the area known as La Florida: much of Georgia, South Carolina, the Florida peninsula, and land along the Gulf Coast. • Spain wanted to guard the sea routes for Spanish treasure ships returning from Mexico. • Since the 1500s, there were Spanish missions along the Atlantic coast. By the 1600s, they had nearly 40 missions in Florida and Georgia. • As English colonies expanded southward, Spanish missions and settlements were threatened. • Carolina slave traders began to attack the missions. • By 1700, the Spanish presence was only in the areas of Saint Augustine and Pensacola

5. 1. The French and Indian War French and Indian War (1754–1763) became part of a larger war between France and Britain, the Seven Years’ War. War broke out in the colonies first, then spread to the European continent. • The Iroquois League • Alliance of Native Americans that was allied with Britain: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora • The Alliance had a constitution and a council of leaders. • Most northeastern Native Americans allied with the French.

6. The French and Indian War • French built Fort Duquesne in Ohio River Valley, present-day Pittsburgh. • British wanted to build a settlement there. • In 1754 an unsuccessful attempt by the British militia (led by George Washington) to take the land from the French was the first skirmish of the French and Indian War. • The Albany Plan • Proposed by Benjamin Franklin • Each colony would keep its own constitution, while grand council would deal with military issues, Native American relations, and western settlement. • Was never approved • First attempt to unite the colonies

8. The French and Indian War The war continues • The first years of the war went badly for the British. The French won battle after battle. • British officers in America • Forced colonists into the army • Seized supplies • Sent soldiersto stay in colonists’ houses • When colonists resisted these actions, more British soldiers were sent from England to fight in the war. • In 1758, the British began winning the war. • When the British took Quebec in 1759, it was the turning point in the war. • France surrendered in 1760.

9. The French and Indian War The peace treaty • 1763—Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years’ War in Europe and the French and Indian War in North America. • Britain gained all French land east of the Mississippi River, including much of what is now Canada. • Spain had allied with France. It gave up control of Florida to Britain. France gave Spain the Louisiana Territory. • France kept two islands near Canada and regained some Caribbean islands.

10. Effects of the War • British officials thought the colonists should pay some of the war expenses. • George Grenville, the British prime minister in 1760, had strict policies that alienated the colonists more. • Ironworkers, shipbuilders, and farmers profited by supplying the army. • Carolinian and Georgian slave owners benefited from the acquisition of Florida because runaway slaves could no longer seek haven there. • The war forced colonists to work together.

11. Proclamation of 1763 Reserved the land west of the Appalachian Mountains for Native Americans Gave British officials control of westward migration Slowed movement out of cities that were centers of trade and prosperity Effects of the War

12. Effects of the War • Pontiac’s Rebellion • Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, wanted to drive the British out. • In 1762 Pontiac allied with most of the Native Americans in the Upper Midwest. • They attacked British forts and settlements for several years, but the British held on. • The chief agreed to a peace treaty in 1766.

13. Effects of the War • Effects on Native Americans • Weakened by war • British felt the Iroquois did not fully support them and no longer felt friendly toward them. • Proclamation of 1763 took native lands. • Settlers often ignored the Proclamation.

14. SSUSH3 Review The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution. a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution.

15. EOCT REVIEW What was significant about the French and Indian War? A. It was the first major war between French settlers and Native Americans. B. It settled the issue of which European nation would dominate eastern North America. C. It left the colonies deeply in debt and begging Great Britain to pass new taxes. D. It was the first war the British ever lost, thereby giving the colonists hope that they could also defeat the king's army. A colonist wanting to settle new land taken from the French after 1763 would have been most upset about which of the following? A. the Proclamation of 1763 B. the Stamp Act C. the Boston Tea Party D. the Intolerable Acts

16. EOCT REVIEW What war was part of the Seven Years' War, and led the colonists to resent the British after the fighting the French and the Indians? • Revolutionary War • The Hundred Years’ War • The War of 1812 • French and Indian War What plan was drafted by Benjamin Franklin that tried to get the colonies to unite, but was unsuccessful? a. Virginia Plan b. The Albany Plan of Union c. New Jersey Plan d. The Great Compromise

17. The French and Indian War • Main Idea • The French and Indian War established British dominance in North America but put a strain on the relationship with the colonists. • Review the Preview Questions Focus • How did France develop an empire in North America? • Why did Spain and England clash in North America? • What were major events in the French and Indian War? • What were the effects of the French and Indian War on all those involved?

19. Click on the window to start video

20. TOTD What are the clues from the French and Indian War will lead to the American Revolution?