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Energy storage: Applications & technology

Energy storage: Applications & technology. IFCBC 04/02/10 Arnon Blum PhD, MBA VP R&D Enstorage. Outline. Why energy storage? Technologies in use or R&D. Conclusion for energy storage systems. Why energy storage?. Power arbitrage: Wind Farm + Storage. Energy Storage in Solar.

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Energy storage: Applications & technology

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  1. Energy storage:Applications & technology IFCBC 04/02/10 Arnon Blum PhD, MBA VP R&D Enstorage.

  2. Outline • Why energy storage? • Technologies in use or R&D. • Conclusion for energy storage systems.

  3. Why energy storage?

  4. Power arbitrage:Wind Farm + Storage

  5. Energy Storage in Solar Without Storage Solar Power generation reduces conventional generation requirements 3000 With Storage 2000 EnStorage Confidential

  6. Grid Applications: • Shifting capacity night to day. • Lowering need for spinning reserve. • Lowering the need for new installations.

  7. Electrical Energy Storage can be Connected in Several Strategic Locations: At the Load At Conventional Power Plants At Renewable Energy Sites At Transmission Nodes .... Flexible Deployment

  8. Technologies in use or R&D

  9. Storage Technologies by Application

  10. Pumped hydro • High capacity • Geographically limited.

  11. Compressed Air • Using old gas mines for storing compressed air. • Of peak energy used for compressing. • Lowering the need for new installations. • Adiabatic also stores the heat.

  12. Compressed Air • The first commercial CAES was a 290 MW unit built in Hundorf, Germany in 1978. • The second commercial CAES was a 110 MW unit built in McIntosh, Alabama in 1991. • The third commercial CAES, the largest ever, is a 2700 MW plant that is planned for construction in Norton, Ohio

  13. Flywheel • Energy is stored mechanically in a rotating device. • Good for up to 15min storage, short duration applications.

  14. Flow Batteries Power Energy Energy Cost ($/kWhr) • Uncoupling of Power from Energy: • High hours of storage • Long life Non-Flow Batteries Flow Batteries Hours of Storage

  15. Flow battery - VRB • Main concept: • Based on Vanadium Red-Ox chemistry. • Vanadium solutions are circulated both on anode and cathode. • Storage capacity (Energy) is based on tanks volume. Power is based on the size of the active electrodes . • Membrane is used for separation between anode and cathode. • Cation exchange membrane is used. EnStorage Confidential

  16. Flow battery - VRB • Expensive salts. • Membrane price. • High cycle #. Cells Tanks

  17. Flow battery – BrS (regenesis) One tank: NaBr /NaBr3, second tank: Na2S4/Na2S2

  18. Flow battery -ZnBr

  19. Flow battery -ZnBr • Expensive organic complex. • limited cycle #. • requires 100% DOD ever few cycles. • Capacity & power conjoined.

  20. Meta air battery

  21. Meta air battery • Regenerating the metal is very non efficient procedure • Carbonization of the electrolyte.

  22. Lead acid battery Reaction : PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4       PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2e¯ At the negative electrode:      Pb + SO4           PbSO4 + 2e¯   At positive electrode:     PbO2 + SO4 + 4H   + 2e¯           PbSO4 + 2H2O

  23. Lead acid battery • Generation of Hydrogen gas. • Low efficiency. • Low cycle life. • Capacity & power conjoined. 40 MWh system in Chino, California, built in 1988.

  24. VRLA battery (Valve Regulated lead Acid) • Carbon based electrodes. • Higher cycle rates. • Gel type electrolyte. • Capacity & power conjoined.

  25. NaS battery Reaction : Na+ + xS NaSx (cycling of Na)

  26. NaS battery • Proven & mature tech. • Requires 300C. • Capacity & power conjoined. • Self discharge during SB. • Limited cycle #. NAS battery technology has been demonstrated at over 190 sites in Japan totaling more than 270 MW with stored energy suitable for 6 hours daily peak shaving.

  27. NiCd battery Cd electrode (-) Ni electrode (+) Net: • Toxicity. • Memory effect – requires special management system • Capacity & power conjoined.

  28. Li-ion battery Cycling of Li ions

  29. Li-ion battery • High price. • Safety issues . • Complex managing cycling system. • Capacity & power conjoined.

  30. Conclusion for energy storage systems

  31. Conclusion for energy storage systems • Energy storage critical when looking at higher penetration rates of renewable energy. • Storage can help improve quality of utilities and reduce cost. • Many technologies are available – limited number on economic scale. • The storage technology is coupled to the application.

  32. Thanks!

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