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Warm up 03/20 *Draw the brain and label

Warm up 03/20 *Draw the brain and label. Nervous System. Functions of Nervous System. Response to Stimuli. Response to Stimuli. Sensory Input Sensory receptors Integration Processing Control – coordination - communication Motor Output Muscles Glands. Parts of Nervous System.

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Warm up 03/20 *Draw the brain and label

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  1. Warm up 03/20*Draw the brain and label

  2. Nervous System

  3. Functions of Nervous System • Response to Stimuli

  4. Response to Stimuli • Sensory Input • Sensory receptors • Integration • Processing • Control – coordination - communication • Motor Output • Muscles • Glands

  5. Parts of Nervous System • Central Nervous System - Association or interneurons • Brain • Spinal Cord • Peripheral Nervous System - Nerves • Sensory – coming in • Motor – going out

  6. CNS Brain

  7. Brain Regions Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon Brain stem Cerebellum

  8. Cerebral hemispheres

  9. 1. Cerebral Hemispheres Majority of brain Called cerebrum External appearance Gyri – elevated ridges Sulci – shallow grooves Fissures – deep sulci that separate brain regions

  10. Sulcus Gyrus

  11. Fissure (deep sulcus)

  12. Cerebral lobes are created by fissures

  13. Cerebral Gray Matter Gray matter = Cerebral cortex

  14. Cerebral Gray Matter Consists of cell bodies of neurons FX: speech, memory, movement, sensation consciousness

  15. Cerebral White Matter White matter = Neuron fiber tracts (myelinated axons)

  16. Cerebral White Matter Carries impulses to or from the cortex

  17. Cerebral White Matter Corpus callosum = large fiber tract Connects the hemispheres

  18. 2. Diencephalon Connects the cerebrum to the brain stem Thalamus Epithalamus Hypothalamus

  19. Diencephalon Thalamus = Relay station for sensory nerves from spinal cord to cerebrum

  20. Diencephalon Epithalamus = Pineal gland (melatonin) induces sleep

  21. Epithalamus

  22. Diencephalon Hypothalamus = Hormone master gland Connects to Pituitary Controls body temp, hunger, thirst

  23. 3. Brain Stem Midbrain = connects Pons to Diencephalon

  24. Brain Stem Pons = important in breathing, sleeping

  25. Brain Stem Medulla oblongata Most inferior in stem Merges with spinal cord Helps regulate vital organ functions (wheezing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting)

  26. 4. Cerebellum Compares the brain’s intentions with its performance Coordinating center for activity

  27. Satellite Glial Cells Schwann Neurons Ependymal Sensory Inter Ass’c Microglial Astrocytes Motor Oligodendrocytes Cells of Nervous System action potential Helper cells PNS CNS

  28. Dentrite Axon Terminals Schwann Cell Cell Body Node of Ranvier Axon Myelin Sheath Nucleus

  29. Neurons • Conduct action potential (nerve impulse) • Electrically excitable • Have 2 types of processes (axons & dendrites) • Neurons HAVE synapses that use neurotransmitters

  30. Neurotransmitters • Chemicals release from axon terminals (presynaptic knobs) [~pitchers] • Diffuse across synapse • Land on receptors on dendrites (~catchers)

  31. Bipolar- 1 axon + 1 branched dendrite • Unipolar – 1 process; goes both ways • Multipolar – 1 axon + several dendrites

  32. Functional classification of neurons • Afferent neurons- transmit message to CNS • Efferent neurons – transmit message away from CNS • Interneurons – transmit impulses from afferent toward motor neurons; all in CNS Reflex arc

  33. Glial Cells • Glial cells do NOT have chemical synapses. • Glial cells cannot generate an action potential • There are many MORE (10-50 times more) glial cells in the brain compared to the number of neurons. • Helper cells

  34. More on Glial Cells… • Glia = glue • Retain ability to divide • Can replace themselves if damage is done • BUT this makes them very susceptible to cancer

  35. Schwann Cells • PNS • Insulation for neurons of PNS

  36. Satellite Cells • PNS • Physical support

  37. Astrocytes • CNS • Star shaped • Physical & nutritional support • Anchors neurons • Transports nutrients to neurons • Digests parts of dead neurons • Cleans up brain debris • Regulates contents of extracellular space

  38. Microglial Cells • Similar to astrocytes • Digests dead neurons

  39. Oligodendrocytes • CNS • Provide insulation to neurons of CNS – myelin sheath • (analogous to Schwann Cells)

  40. Ependymal Cells • CNS • Line cavities of CNS • Ciliated – help circulated cerebrospinal fluid

  41. WARM UP 03/25/14 • What are the 4 CNS glial cells? • What are the 2 PNS glial cells? • Sensory neurons are part of the _________ nervous system.

  42. Nervous System Divisions

  43. Parasympathetic • Autonomic • Normal operating mode

  44. Sympathetic • Autonomic • Emergency overdrive • “save the brain” • Send oxygen • Send glucose (ATP)

  45. Sympathetic or Parasympathetic? Inhibits flow of saliva

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