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Explore the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences, important leaders' deaths, and the aftermath of WWII in Europe. Learn about post-war decisions, casualties, and effects. Understand the key concepts leading to the Cold War.
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No bellwork today! • Get out your SALMONcolored worksheet on the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences. • Take a few minutes to review over the decisions reached and conflicts that occurred. • You have 5-10 minutes to meet with your partner and teach them about your topic. • These are important concepts for your unit 8 test so pay attention!
End of WWII in Europe How the Allies defeated Germany & the deaths of important leaders
FDR’s Death FDR was elected to his 4th term in 1944; with a new VP After 12 years in office and four presidential terms, FDR died on April 12, 1945 Died from a cerebral hemorrhage (stroke) Replaced by VP Harry Truman "Men will thank God on their knees a hundred years from now that Franklin D. Roosevelt was in the White House”
Italian government wanted to punish Mussolini for war crimes Tried to escape to Switzerland He was caught by soldiers and executed the next day Shot by firing squad, body hung in city where civilians beat, kicked, spat, and stoned his dead body. Mussolini’s Death
Death of Hitler The Allies surrounded Germany and it became clear the Axis powers would lose. Hitler committed suicide in an underground bunker on April 30, 1945
War in Europe is over! Berlin fell to the Allies on May 2, 1945 Germany surrenders May 9th: V-E Day (Victory in Europe) Who is left?
Effects of WWII • 70 million soldiers fought in WWII • 55 million died • Soviet Union – 22 million • Germany – 8 million • Japan – 2 million • United States – 300,000 • In addition to casualties, many areas of Europe and Asia laid in ruins • Use of deadly weapons and fighting tactics made WWII the most destructive war in history!
WWII Animated Map • Prepare to be amazed…….
WWII in the Pacific • As early as 1942, the Allies were confident in Germany’s defeat. This causes them to transition supplies and men to the Pacific. • For homework, read about key battles/turning points in the Allies fight against Japan. • This is due tomorrow!
Yalta & Potsdam • Towards the end of WWII, the Allied leaders meet twice to discuss the post-war world. • At the Potsdam Conference (July 1945) & the Yalta Conference (Feb.1945), the leaders discussed key issues: • Post-war peace and international security • Occupation of Germany • Other territorial claims (colonies, Pacific, Poland) • The decisions reached at these conferences would shape the post-war world and influence the next major conflict, the Cold War • To learn about these conferences, you and a partner will each read about one and complete a note sheet.
Yalta Conference • February 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Yalta (Soviet Union) to discuss the postwar world • Formed the United Nations (Stalin did not want France to have power) • Divide Germany and Berlin into four zones • Stalin obtained Poland if he promised to allow free elections • Stalin gained Pacific islands if he promised to declare war on Japan
KEEP IN MIND: Stalin is gong to break these promises = COLD WAR!!!!
Potsdam Conference • Held during the summer of 1945 • This conference had many of the same aspects as the Yalta conference. • Truman took the place of Roosevelt & Clement Attlee replaced Winston Churchill as Britain's Prime Minister.
Decisions made at Potsdam • Solidified decisions made at Yalta; such as, division of Germany & Soviet territory gains • The Soviet Union was allowed to take reparations from Germany and 10% of the industrial equipment of the western zones as reparations. • America and Britain could take reparations if they wished. • In fact the allies had disagreed openly about • Amount of reparations • Soviet influence over countries of Eastern Europe • Atomic power
Yalta Conference • Held towards the end of WWII in the resort town of Yalta, Soviet Union • February 4th-11th 1945. • Many decisions made at this conference led to issues that will cause the Cold War. • THE BIG THREE: • Roosevelt • Churchill • Stalin
February 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Yalta (Soviet Union) to discuss the postwar world The goal of this conference was to discuss many ongoing disputes brought on by WWII. Division of Germany Formation of the UN War Reparations Soviet declaration of war on Japan Final and most difficult issue…. The future of Poland. Yalta Conference
The “Big Three” wanted to divide Germany into separate parts, each controlled by an Allied power U.S. – felt that Germany should be divided into five equal parts England – pushed for a zone of occupation for France Soviet Union – opposed French occupation; only wanted three zones Division of Germany
Formation of the United Nations • Roosevelt offered the idea that the UN should have a security council with FOUR permanent members. -The United States -Great Britain -China -The Soviet Union
Soviets gain land • Stalin obtained Poland if he promised to allow free elections • Stalin gained Pacific islands if he promised to declare war on Japan KEEP IN MIND: Stalin is gong to break this promise = COLD WAR!!!!
Sub Instructions: 7th period • The class will be working on a station activity about the Holocaust. • There are six stations around the room, and each station has a different task that the students are required to complete • The groups have already been assigned (see attached) and they should already know what they’re doing, so walk around and monitor their progress and make sure they’re on task. • They left off in the middle of their second station. Have them start at this station for a few minutes before they rotate. • Please keep track of time! They need to finish as much of this as possible. Only allow 15-20 minutes at each station. Do not allow them to move ahead or return to unfinished stations. I will give them time to do this tomorrow.
German War Reparations • Stalin wanted the Germans to pay 20 million, half would go to the Soviet Union. • British wanted no reparations • Churchill stated that it was WWI reparations that led to Hitler’s rise in power. • U.S. wanted to make them optional.
BELLWORK • Explain the Battle of Midway. • Why was the Battle of Guadalcanal a turning point in the war against Japan? • Describe the importance of the Battle of Okinawa. • Explain the Allied war strategy in fighting in the Pacific. • Why did Japan finally surrender? • THINKER: After the Axis powers surrender, the Allies determine the fate of post-war Germany & Japan. Make a prediction How will they be punished? How will their governments respond?
