2. Bellwork What do you know about frogs?

1. Homework Reminder: • Review Froguts.com at home tonight.  2. Bellwork What do you know about frogs? Bufo Americanas(American Toad) Rana catesbiana (American Bullfrog) • 3. Things to do Today • Frog PPT • Virtual Dissection • Listen to Frog Calls Pseudacris crucifer: spring peeper

2. Amphibiansamphibious “Double Life”

3. Where did Frogs come from? • Using Fossil records, scientists predict that fish were the first vertebrates on Earth. • As competition for food and space increased, scientist believe that the lobbed finned fish may have easily traversed land to find deeper waters. Lobbed finned fish had lungs and bony fins that could have supported their weight on land. • Scientists believe that amphibians evolved from this fish. The Coelacanth

4. Frogs : Ranadae These frogs have the characteristics of: two bulging eyes strong, long, webbed hind feet that are adapted for leaping and swimming smooth or slimy skin (generally, frogs tend to like moister environments) Frogs tend to lay eggs in clusters. Frogs from this family can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Toads : Bufonidae, These types of frogs have are characterized by: stubby bodies with short hind legs (for walking instead of hopping) warty and dry skin (usually preferring dryer climates) paratoid (or poison) glands behind the eyes The chest cartilage of toads is different also. Toads tend to lay eggs in long chains.

5. Midwife Frog Surinam Toad Darwin’s Frog

7. Frog Dissection Pre-Lab Powerpoint

8. Comparative Anatomy • Amphibians: exothermic (cold blooded) vertebrate that spends its early life in water. Amphibians must return to water to reproduce. If the amphibian is in a cold environment its body is cold and thus becomes still and its body processes slow down. This is called Torpor. • What does Amphibious mean? Double Life Why do we dissect them? *To learn more about ourselves through Comparative anatomy! * Frogs are also readily available vertebrates

9. Why are Our similarities? • Humans and frogs are similar because they are both vertebrates. They are also both in the phylum chordates(notochord-spinal chord-gill furrows) • Examples of chordates-fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

10. Camouflage(belly/back) • Frogs undergo metamorphosis Tadpole (gills/tail) ---Frog (lungs&skin/legs) • Frog’s Eye- has a 3rd transparent eyelid: Nictitatingmembrane. Why on top of head?____________ • Frog’s tongue- unusual because it is attached at the front. • Vestigial Organs: Appendix (have no known purpose, but did possibly in ancestors.

12. Frog’s Ear- circular region called the tympanicmembrane • Teeth: Vomerine and Maxilary • Frog’s reproductive organs- Cloaca structure present in lower vertebrates which serves as a joint receptacle for both reproductive and excretory products • Skeletal Structure- 5-9 vertebrae, elongated pelvic bone, fused tibia-fibula and radius-ulna

13. Frog’s heart- (tadpole- one loop system) *Has 3 chambers, 2 atria, 1 ventricle *Oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood mix in the ventricle.—problem

14. Amphibians in Decline • Why are Amphibians called indicator species? • Amphibians are widely regarded as “canaries in the coal mine,” since their highly permeable skin is more immediately sensitive to changes in the environment, including changes to freshwater and air quality. • Possible Causes: Introduction of non-indigenous species, climate change, diseases, deforestation, habitat destruction, etc.

15. Froguts.com • http://www.froguts.com/demo/

16. Rana catesbiana (American Bulfrog) Frog Calls Bufo Americanas (American Toad) Pseudacris crucifer (Spring Peeper) http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/topics/frogCalls.html