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States of Consciousness

Uncover the fascinating world of consciousness and sleep physiology. Learn about brain waves, REM sleep, dream theories, and common sleep disorders like insomnia and narcolepsy. Discover the impact of psychoactive drugs on sleep patterns and explore the effects of depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens on the mind.

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States of Consciousness

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  1. States of Consciousness • Consciousness: Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

  2. Sleep IQ • True or False 1. During sleep, your brain rests. 2. Snoring is not harmful. 3. Everyone dreams nightly. 4. The older you get, the fewer hours of sleep you need. 5. When people dream of performing some activity, their limbs often move in concert with the dream.

  3. Circadian Rhythm Are you a night owl or a morning lark?

  4. What affects our sleep patterns? Light striking the retina signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to suppress the pineal gland’s production of the sleep hormone melatonin. At night, the SCN quiets down, allowing the pineal gland to release melatonin into the bloodstream.

  5. Brain Waves Awake Asleep

  6. NREM Stage 1 • Theta Waves • Only lasts a few minutes, and you usually only experience it once a night. • Hypnagogic sensations

  7. NREM Stage 2 • More Theta Waves • About 20 minutes • Begin to show sleep spindles…shortbursts of rapid brain waves. • Sleep talking

  8. NREM Stage 3 • Slow wave sleep= Delta waves • If awoken you will be very groggy • Sleep walking, bed-wetting • Vital for restoring body’s growth hormones and good overall health

  9. From stage 3, your brain begins to speed up and you go back to stage 3, then 2… AND THEN… REM Rapid Eye Movement • Paradoxical sleep • Dreams

  10. REM Rebound

  11. WHY do we sleep?

  12. How much sleep do you need? Are you sleep deprived? Can you catch up on lost sleep? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQlcxiQlzI

  13. The Mind: Dreams https://www.netflix.com/watch/81062189?trackId=14170287&tctx=0%2C0%2C6abb3277-1d00-4686-aeca-db5ee8c27093-339123759%2C652b7fc1-d6d6-41a8-9890-5187ea3ab1f7_33296679X3XX1568342129236%2C652b7fc1-d6d6-41a8-9890-5187ea3ab1f7_ROOT (20 min)

  14. Dreams

  15. Freud’s Wish-Fulfillment Theory • To satisfy our own wishes • Manifest Content • Latent Content • The key to understanding our inner conflicts • Critique?

  16. Information-Processing Theory • To file away memories • They help sift, sort, and fix our problems • We tend to dream more when we are more stressed • Critiques?

  17. Activation-Synthesis Theory • To make sense of neural static • REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories which our sleeping brain weaves into stories • Critique?

  18. Sleep Disorders

  19. Insomnia • Persistent problems falling asleep and staying asleep • Tips for treating insomnia • Sleep restriction • Naps, week vs. weekend, don’t stay in bed • Stimulus control • TV, homework, caffeinated drinks • Exercise

  20. Narcolepsy • Uncontrollable sleep attacks • Lapse directly into REM sleep • A brain disease: absence of hypocretin, an alerting neurotransmitter • Often treated using amphetamines) to keep the patient’s brain from going into the REM patterns

  21. Sleep Apnea • A person stops breathing during their sleep, wakes up momentarily, gasps for air, then falls back asleep • Goes undetected • Common in overweight men \

  22. Night Terrors • Not a nightmare • Appear terrified • Seldom wake up • Occurs during NREM 3 stage, not REM

  23. Sleepwalking • Occurs during stage 3 (delta waves) • If you have had night terrors, you are more likely to sleep walk when older • Runs in family https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpIKX8VIaT8

  24. Drugs Tolerance Dependence Addiction Psychoactive drugs Terotagens http://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/shallon-drug-safety/2772821

  25. Depressants • Slows down body processes. • Alcohol (ASAP Science Video) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkpz7xFTWJo • Barbiturates (tranquilizers/sedatives) • Opiates (heroin, morphine)

  26. Stimulants • Speed up body processes. • Caffeine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YOwEqGykDM • Nicotine • Methamphetamine • Cocaine • MDMA • Amphetamines

  27. Hallucinogens • Distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input • Ecstacy • LSD • Marijuana • (ASAP Science Video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeF6rFN9org

  28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PW1fwKjo-Y

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