230 likes | 407 Views
1. Which of the following was a reason for the decline of the Ottoman Empire?. Asian countries dominated its borders Food shortages Weak and corrupt leaders The construction of the Aswan High Dam. 2. One cause of the Crimean War was. Russia wanting a new trade partner
E N D
1. Which of the following was a reason for the decline of the Ottoman Empire? • Asian countries dominated its borders • Food shortages • Weak and corrupt leaders • The construction of the Aswan High Dam
2. One cause of the Crimean War was • Russia wanting a new trade partner • Russia wanting war with France • Expanded cash crops in the region • Russia wanting a warm water port
3. Who was the great reformer of Egypt? • Muhammad Ali • Suleyman the Magnificent • Osman II • Isma’il
4. Which type of Imperialism was used in Muslim lands? • colony • indirect control • economic imperialism • direct control
5. Foreign officials are brought in to rule new territory • Direct Control • Indirect Control • Sphere of Influence • Economic Imperialism
Private companies are brought in to control economic resources • Direct Control • Indirect Control • Sphere of Influence • Economic Imperialism
Outside governments control trade and economic resources • Direct Control • Indirect Control • Sphere of Influence • Economic Imperialism
Local leaders trained to run territory • Direct Control • Indirect Control • Sphere of Influence • Economic Imperialism
TOPIC: Imperialism in China – Spheres of Influence
Imperialism in China
Imperialism in China – Spheres of Influence • China vs. The West • China was self-sufficient – no need for trade • The trade balance between China and Britain favored China • China earned much more for its exports than it spent on imports • Guangzhou • Only Chinese port open to foreign trade • British have high demand for tea • Trade silver for tea • Silver supply drained • British have nothing to trade that China wants • Trade imbalance • Europeans were able to shift the balance – they needed a product that the Chinese would have a continuing high demand for • Sale of Opium – addictive drug from poppy plant
Opium • Highly addictive narcotic from poppy plant • 1835 – 12 million Chinese addicted • British East India Co. has a monopoly on production in India • Opium trade illegal in China • Sell shipments to smugglers on the Chinese coast • Smugglers avoid punishment by paying kickbacks to corrupt officials in China • Opium War (1839) • Chinese Qing Emperor demands that Queen Victoria stop opium trade • Naval War, British more tech, easily win • Treaty of Nanjing • Ends war, China humiliated • British get extraterritorial rights in Hong Kong • US /Other foreign nations eventually get exclusive trading rights in four port cities • Opium trade continues • Begins Spheres of Influence
Foreign Influence Grows • Growing Spheres of Influence (area in which the foreign nation controlled trade and investment) • Other countries, aware of China’s problems, take advantage – GB, French, German, Japanese, Russian • The US: worried other nations would divide China into formal colonies and shut out American traders! • Open Door Policy: China’s “doors” be open to merchants of all nations. Euro powers agreed. Protected both US trading rights in China and China’s freedom from colonization. • A Surge in Chinese Nationalism • Boxer Rebellion • Boxers: nationalist group, “Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists” • Poor peasants and workers who resented foreign privilege • Defeated BUT… people were inspired to become more “nationalistic” and realized Chinese government needed to be more responsive to their needs. • Beginnings of Reform • China tried to become more western – Constitutional Government • Further added to internal problems
Imperial Japan 12.2
Prior to 1800’s • Isolation – Similar to China • Very old culture • Tokugawa shogun - ruler • Agriculture based system • West tried to convince to trade with them • Japan refused • Little knowledge of industry
1853 Tokyo Harbor • U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry • Four massive ships in the harbor • Astound shogun • Allowed Perry in • Letter U.S. President Fillmore requesting free trade • Delivered intimidation • Asked for Japan to reply
1854 Japanese Respond to Perry • Treaty of Kanagawa • Two Ports granted for U.S. – Japanese trade • What Chinese city also allowed trade? • By 1860 • Many foreign nation allowed to trade • Given extraterritorial rights • Japanese upset w/ foreign influence
1867 Meiji • Old shogun is gone • New emperor • Way to beat western influence is to copy • Borrowed • Germany’s ideas on gov • German and British methods for military training • American schooling • 1894 • foreign nations accept end of extraterritorial right • Early 1900’s • as modern as any in the world
Japan Builds an Empire • 1894 Sino-Japanese War • Japan v. China • Japan wins • Japan gains colonies in Peace Treaty • Taiwan • Pescadores Island • Russo-Japanese War • 1904 Japan attack Russia • drive out of Korea • 1905 Attacks Korea • By 1910 Korea annexed = under total Japanese control • Very disrespectful to Korean culture • Harsh rulers
The cause of the Russo-Japanese War was • China’s role in Manchuria • A disagreement over trade • A dispute over Hong Kong • A dispute over Korea
The treaty of Kanagawa • Gave the U.S. control of China • Ended the Russo-Japanese War. • Allowed the U.S. to trade with Japan • Ended the Sino-Japanese war.
The Sino-Japanese war revealed • Weakness in Japan • Japan was a rising regional power • China had become modern • Korea’s self strength