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Khilafat Movement 1919

Khilafat Movement 1919. Started by Indian Muslims to support Ottomans/Turkish Muslims. Khilafat Movement 1919. Background Ottoman caliph was considered the spiritual leader of the Muslims. Ottoman Empire included the holy sites of the Muslims i.e. Makkah , Madina and Jerusalem.

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Khilafat Movement 1919

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  1. Khilafat Movement 1919 Started by Indian Muslims to support Ottomans/Turkish Muslims

  2. Khilafat Movement 1919 • Background • Ottoman caliph was considered the spiritual leader of the Muslims. • Ottoman Empire included the holy sites of the Muslims i.e. Makkah, Madina and Jerusalem

  3. Background (cont.) • After defeat in WW1, lands of the Empire controlled by various countries e.g. Istanbul by Russia, Cyprus by Britain • Muslim holy sites were under threat

  4. Background (cont.) • Through the treaty of Sevres (signed by Turkey in 1920) the Empire was abolished • Caliph Mehmed declared Jihad and invited all Muslims. • Thus Indian Muslims started the Khilafat Movement

  5. Leaders of KhilafatMovement • Maulana Muhammad Ali • MaulanaShaukat Ali • MaulanaAbulKalam Azad • (Maulana Muhammad Ali was educated at Aligarh College and Oxford University England)

  6. Maulana Muhammad Ali

  7. Aims of Khilafat Movement • To give power back to Ottoman Caliph • To gain independence for India

  8. Action taken: • The leaders went to London to protest about European policy towards Islam. • Expressed their side of view and Muslim feeling about foreign rule of Islamic sites in Arabia, Syria and Palestine.

  9. British response • They listened to them politely but ignored their requests. • This disappointed Muslims. Now they decided to work for the Indian independence.

  10. Khilafat Movement and Gandhi • Gandhi was invited to Khilafat meetings, became only non-Muslim member of Executive Committee . • Gandhi invited Muslims to join his ‘satyagraha’ against British. • Muslims joined enthusiastically.

  11. Hindu-Muslim together: • For the first time in Indian history Hindu-Muslim unity was at its peak. • The words ‘Khilafat’ and ‘Swaraj’ were on everyone’s lips. • Rural people misunderstood the word and took it as originated from ‘khilaf’ (means against)

  12. Under Gandhi’s satyagraha • people • Boycotted British goods. • Refused to pay taxes • Went on strikes. • Refused to join the army. • Students left the British educational institutes.

  13. Indians on pretest during satyagraha.

  14. Jinnah disapproves of Gandhi’s methods • Jinnah thought satyagrahawas a good ideabutpeople were not yet ready to be non violent. • It would lead to chaos and destruction of institutions/all departments.

  15. Jinnah disapproves of Gandhi’s methods • Gandhi, as a Congress leader, had support of various sections of society with one common factor i.e. wish for independence • Gandhi called for widespread satyagraha (1920).

  16. Jinnah disapproves of Gandhi’s methods • Jinnah spoke out bravely against Gandhi’s policies at the annual Congress meeting. • In 1920 he resigned from Congress • Jinnah was proved correct later.

  17. Problems for Khilafat Movement • Hijrat (Migration) to Afghanistan. • Moplah Rebellion • Violence at ChauriChaura

  18. Problems for Khilafat Movement • Hijrat (Migration) to Afghanistan (1920) • By 1800 Muslim peasants. WHY • Believed that British had made India unfit to live for Muslims. • Expected to be welcomed by their Muslim brethren

  19. Problems for Khilafat Movement Hijrat (Migration) to Afghanistan (1920) cont. • What happened to them? • After a long journey they reached the Afghan border BUT • Were not allowed to cross the border. • Had to return back. • Many died in the way back

  20. Problems for Khilafat Movement Moplah Rebellion (1921) Rebellion in South India by Moplahs. Who were Moplahs? They were the Muslims, descendents of Arab settlers .

  21. Problems for Khilafat Movement Moplah Rebellion (1921) cont. • Events/What happened? • Rose against British rule. • Fought British soldiers • Declared a Khilafat Kingdom. • Many Europeans were killed.

  22. Problems for Khilafat Movement Moplah Rebellion (1921) cont. • Events/What happened? • Hindus were attacked. • Hindu houses/temples were destroyed. • Many (Hindus) were forced to convert to Islam

  23. Problems for Khilafat Movement Moplah Rebellion (1921) cont. • British action: • Strict action was taken. • 4000 Moplahs were killed. • Many thousands were arrested. • Blame was on the Khilafat Movement.

  24. Problems for Khilafat Movement • Violence at ChauriChaura (1922) • An east Indian village • What happened during violence? • More violence followed that year. • 22 policemen were burnt to death in their police station by an angry crowd in ChauriChaura.

  25. Problems for Khilafat Movement Violence at ChauriChaura (1922) • Gandhi admitted that he had made a Himalayan blunder in encouraging satyagraha in people who were not ready. • Gandhi was arrested and put into prison for two years. (found guilty of promoting disaffection towards British rule

  26. End of Khilafat Movement (1922) • It ended in 1922 when Mustafa Kemal Ataturk abolished caliphate in Turkey.

  27. End of Khilafat Movement (1922) • Although Khilafat Movement could not achieve its aims but it united Muslims and Hindus for a time. In the later years, great Hindu-Muslims violence took place in India

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