**Take five minutes to write down two ideas/reactions you have about this quote**

1. This story is neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells, were destroyed by the war… • **Take five minutes to write down two ideas/reactions you have about this quote** • What do you think it means? • What does it mean to be destroyed by the war?

2. World War 1: War in the Trenches “All Quiet on the Western Front”

3. Trench Warfare • Form of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy’s small arms fire and substantially sheltered from artillery. • “Trench stinks of shallow buried dead Where Tom Stands at the periscope, Tired out. After nine months he’s shed All fear, all faith, all hate, all hope.” • Robert Graves (Through the Periscope, 1915)

4. “A revolution in firepower not matched by similar advances in mobility”

5. Digging In • Germany implements the Schlieffen Plan • Luxemburg • Belgium • French and British stop advance • Battle of Marne • “Race to the Sea” • The Western Front

7. Trench Set-Up • Constructed in parallel lines • Troops in front directly faced enemies • Support trenches • Reserve trenches • Paths leading in between • NO MANS LAND • Dug in ZigZags to create less damage in case of attack • Mud and sandbags • Firing step for troops • NO PEEKING!!! • Snipers

9. Excerpt from “All Quiet on the Western Front” • Fighting between the trenches • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXtsiqrhqsU • Reactions to the video? • Does it match what we have learned so far?

10. Life in the Trenches • Symbol for the futility of war • Young men going “over the top” into a barrage of fire which usually led to certain death. • Needless slaughter in terrible conditions • Broke the spirit of most soldiers • Men going to their death because of incompetent commanders • Did not adapt to trench warfare • Believed constant attack would prevail • Could not match new firepower

11. Disease and Death Trench foot • Condition caused by fungal infections • Standing in wet, unsanitary conditions • Turned into gang green • Needed amputation most of the time

12. Death and Disease Trench Rats • Trenches were infested with millions of rats • Lack of proper disposal • Unsanitary conditions • Unburied corpses • Caused the outbreak of disease

13. Death and Disease Body lice & trench fever • Lice infestation happened to a lot of soldiers • Trench Fever spread and usually took 12 weeks to get over • Severe pains • High fever • Lice identified as cause after the war

14. Disease and Death Dysentery • Unsanitary drinking water • Soldiers had to use melted now • Water from mortar holes • Diarrhea, fever, vomiting often turned fatal

15. Disease and Death Snipers Gas Attacks

16. Awaiting Death: Psychological Toll • Shell Shock • Gas Attack • Whether by sniper or gas, disease or suicide, soldiers in the trenches were always ready for death. • Over 200,000 in trenches

18. Western Front • Tons of casualties on both sides during the conflict • Why so many casualties? • The Hundred Day Offensive • Last straw for German front

19. Let’s Review • What were some of the advances in firepower and how did they affect trench warfare? • What was No Man’s Land? • Explain the futility of war. • Name a few of the conditions soldiers endured and what they caused in the trenches. • How did gas attacks and shell shock destroy the psyche of soldiers?

20. Assessment • Option #1 Timeline • Make a timeline showing major battles on western front, casualties, use of chemical warfare, and meaning of the battle to WW1. • Online use videos and pictures to tell story • Paper: Make sure it is clean and use photos • Put on poster board • Both should look professional • Option #2 • Create a diary using a Twitter account with a minimum of 15 entries that describe life in the trenches as a WW1 soldier. • Connect entries with real events/battles • Have at least five historical pictures • One link to a website or primary document • Link to one video • Use hash tag #DodsonWW1 • Option #3 • Create a model of a typical trench setup using technology or art supplies (Styrofoam model) • Have front line, support, reserve, connecting trenches, artillery, machine gun posts, No Mans Land • Describe function and purpose of each part