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Pre-Greeks

Pre-Greeks. Geography A. Mountainous terrain isolated from one another 1. Rise of independent city-states 2. Fighting 3. Allegiance was to city- state, not “Greece”. B. Sea – spread civilization 1. Trade 2. Colonies a. Diffused Greek culture

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Pre-Greeks

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  1. Pre-Greeks

  2. Geography A. Mountainous terrain isolated from one another 1. Rise of independent city-states 2. Fighting 3. Allegiance was to city- state, not “Greece”.

  3. B. Sea – spread civilization 1. Trade 2. Colonies a. Diffused Greek culture b. Helped solidify common Greek identity

  4. Pre-Greek A. Minoans on Crete 1. Earliest civilization in Aegean 2. Bull worship 3. 1450 BC sudden catastrophic collapse

  5. KNOSSOS ON CRETE

  6. KNOSSOS RECONSTRUCTION

  7. FRESCO-BULL VAULTING

  8. B. Mycenae 1. Warrior people 2. Famous because of Homer’s Iliad a. Mycenaeans, led by King Agamemnon, sacked Troy (1250 BC)

  9. MYCENAE

  10. 4. Homer writes Iliad and Odyssey a. Epic poems – tell story b. Educated Greeks (1.) Ideals of courage and honor -Achilles (2.) Image of hero

  11. C. Dark Ages (1100 – 750 BC) 1. Population decline 2. Drop in food production 3. Large numbers left mainland 4. Many advancements are nearly lost (writing!)

  12. Greek City-States (750-500 BC) 1. The Polis a. Acropolis b. Agora The Agora was the heart of ancient Athens, the focus of political, commercial, administrative and social activity, the religious and cultural centre, and the seat of justice.

  13. THE ACROPOLIS

  14. THE AGORA

  15. 2. Agora a. Political, economic, social, cultural, and religious activities b. Loyalty – led to its eventual destruction

  16. B. New military system 1. Hoplites – heavily armed infantrymen (shield, sword, and spear) 2. Phalanx – battle formation a. Depended on trust and discipline – not skill

  17. GREEK HOPLITE

  18. GREEK PHALANX

  19. C. Arts 1. Humans as ideal of beauty 2. Classical architecture – symmetry and moderation

  20. Agesander, Athanodorus and Polydoros

  21. D. Religion 1. Polytheistic – 12 Olympian gods a. Myths used to explain everything b. human characteristics

  22. 2. Guardian deity of polis 3. Use of Oracle a. Located at Delphi b. Priestesses - (Pythia) interpreted vague predictions from possible drug- induced stupor

  23. V. Comparison of two dominant city-states A. Athens 1. Government a. Democracy – 6000 citizens present to vote b. Pericles

  24. ATHENS SPARTA ATHENS

  25. 2. Economy – based on trade, citizen-farmers 3. Society – made of citizens, non-citizens, and non-Greek slaves

  26. 4. Women – Upper class sexually segregated; no political rights; power was indirect 5. Military- citizen militia (plows to swords)

  27. B. Sparta – Located in Peloponnesus – Area called Laconia 1. Government a. Two king monarchy (1.) One to rule at home (2.) One to go to war b. Leonidas – most famous

  28. GREEK PELOPONESSUS

  29. 2. Economy – agrarian society based on slave labor – Helots (allowed for specialization in military) 3. Society – sexually segregated due to military requirements a. Boys removed at age 7 b. Infanticide common

  30. 4. Women were given many more freedoms/ independence a. Own property b. Sexual freedom – purpose to get healthy Spartan boys

  31. 5. Military – the most important aspect of culture/society a. Boys raised / At Age 7 trained to be soldiers b. Trained by mentor

  32. c. Organized into units (1.) Agogi was training regiment each Spartan boy went through (ended at 20) (2.) Cryptaea- special squads designed to terrorize Helots

  33. “Come back with your shield, or come back on your shield.”

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