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RESOURCE USEAGE PROFILES OVER TIME

RESOURCE USEAGE PROFILES OVER TIME. Note: Arctic Reserve estimated at 10-20 billion barrels, plus ‘new’ areas Canadian Reserves with Tar Sands ~ 100 billion barrels Russia has unknown additional quantities, Caspian, Siberia, Kamchatka Western USA Oil Shale resource >> Saudi Oil resource.

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RESOURCE USEAGE PROFILES OVER TIME

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  1. RESOURCE USEAGE PROFILES OVER TIME

  2. Note: Arctic Reserve estimated at 10-20 billion barrels, plus ‘new’ areas Canadian Reserves with Tar Sands ~ 100 billion barrels Russia has unknown additional quantities, Caspian, Siberia, Kamchatka Western USA Oil Shale resource >> Saudi Oil resource.

  3. A piece of Oil Shale The USA has at least 3 Trillion barrels of Oil Equivalent of this resource.

  4. Coal • Carbon, water, impurities • C + O2 CO2 • HALF IS CLINKER

  5. : COAL

  6. US Coal Consumption • Coal 22 QBtu (23%) • 80% used by electric utilities

  7. Major Coal-Producing States

  8. Coal • Anthracite • 22 – 28 million Btu per ton • Not plentiful • Bituminous • 19 – 30 million Btu per ton • Most plentiful • Subbituminous • 16 – 24 million Btu per ton • Low sulfur content • Lignite (Brown Coal) • 9 – 17 million Btu per ton • Local value only

  9. Coal Resources and Consumption • Global Recoverable • 1,000 billion tons • Global Consumption • 5.2 billion tons/year • US Recoverable • 274 billion tons • US Consumption • 1.1 billion tons/year

  10. Global Coal Resources • United States 25% • Russia 16% • China 12% • India 9% • Australia 8% • Germany 7% • South Africa 5%

  11. A major drawback of fission energy: Diversion to bombs

  12. Potential for accidental or intentional containment failure. CHERNOBYL REGION RADIOACTIVITY

  13. Cleanup can be effected by biological and other means

  14. ANY APPROACH WHICH REDUCES ENERGY USE IS USEFUL TO EXTEND OUR RESOURCES, I.E. CONSERVATION IS THE FASTEST METHOD TO GET NEW ENERGY

  15. SOLAR ENERGY STORAGE, INEXPENSIVELY

  16. Multi-junction Photovoltaics utilize much more of solar spectrum, MORE THAN 30% EFFICIENCY ALREADY ACHIEVED!

  17. Highly Efficient Energy Utilization

  18. Industrial scale Fuel Cells…

  19. EFFICIENCY OF FUEL CELLS: CHEMICAL, NOT THERMAL PROCESS DIRECTLY USES ELECTRICITY WASTE HEAT MUCH LESS THAN OTTO CYCLE ENGINE MAX. EFFICIENCY HEAT ENGINE ~ 25-30% MAX. EFFICIENCY FUEL CELL ~75-80 % WASTE PRODUCTS DEPEND UPON FUEL WATER IN CASE OF HYDROGEN FUEL INTERSTITIAL HYDROGEN IN METALS, EQUALS ENERGY DENSITY OF GASOLINE…

  20. ENERGY RESOURCE AND USEAGE DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY POPULATION AND STANDARD OF LIVING...

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