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The Kingdom Animalia: Unifying Characteristics and Major Divisions

The Kingdom Animalia: Unifying Characteristics and Major Divisions. Unifying Characteristics. Haploid Gametes Embryonic Blastula Development Diploid Somatic Cells Multicellular Lacking Cell Walls Mitochondrial Eukaryotes Heterotrophic Aerobic Respiring. Haploid Gametes.

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The Kingdom Animalia: Unifying Characteristics and Major Divisions

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  1. The Kingdom Animalia:Unifying Characteristics and Major Divisions

  2. Unifying Characteristics • Haploid Gametes • Embryonic Blastula Development • Diploid Somatic Cells • Multicellular Lacking Cell Walls • Mitochondrial Eukaryotes • Heterotrophic • Aerobic Respiring

  3. Haploid Gametes • In animals the adults produce haploid (having half the number of chromosomes) gametes through meiosis

  4. The Embryonic Blastula • After fertilization of an egg by sperm, the resulting diploid (having two pairs of chromosomes) zygote rapidly goes through mitosis • All animals become a hollow sphere of cells called a blastula

  5. Diploid Somatic Cells • As the zygote develops the resulting body or somatic cells are diploid

  6. Mitochondrial Eukaryotes • Cells contain Mitochondria inside cells that carry on Cellular Respiration • O2 + Glucose CO2 + H2O + ATP

  7. Heterotrophic and Aerobic Respiring • In order to acquire the Glucose necessary for cellular respiration animals must be consumers and eat organisms already containing glucose • In order to acquire the Oxygen gas necessary for cellular respiration animals must have mechanisms of obtaining oxygen

  8. Major Divisions • Symmetry, Movement, & Cephalization • Gastrulation & Gut Formation • Dermal Tissues & Coelome Development • Segmentation

  9. Radial Symmetry • Body plan in which the body parts are arranged regularly around a central axis (multiple planes cut into mirror halves)

  10. Bilateral Symmetry • Body plan in which body parts are arranged into a left and right around a central plane (one plane cuts into mirror images) • Cephalization results from this plan

  11. Gastrulation & The Gut • After the blastula stage, in some animals cells migrate to the interior forming the primitive gut • In Protostomes the initial pore forms the mouth, while in the Deuterostomes this pore forms the anus

  12. Tissue Organization: None • Parazoan animals have specialized cells but lack the tissue level of organization

  13. Diploblastic Tissues • Tissue organization first appears in animals like jellyfish which are Diploblastic (having a distinct Ectoderm and Endoderm)

  14. Coelome Development:Acoelomate • The coelome is a fluid filled cavity surrounded by mesodermal tissue • Acoelomate animals lack a fluid filled cavity and are Triploblastic

  15. Pseudocoelomate • Pseudocoelomate animals have a fluid filled cavity but it is not contained within mesoderm tissue. Instead it lies between the mesoderm and endoderm • Pseudocoelomates are Triploblastic (having an Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm)

  16. Eucoelomate • Eucoelomate animals have a true fluid filled cavity contained with in the mesoderm • Eucoelomates are also Triploblastic

  17. Segmentation • Segmented organisms have a repeating series of body units that may or may not be similar to one another

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