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waterfootprint

The international character of water governance. Arjen Y. Hoekstra University of Twente. www.waterfootprint.org. Globalization of water. Production. Water consumption and pollution related to production for export; water is not factored into the price of traded commodities. TRADE.

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waterfootprint

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  1. The international character of water governance Arjen Y. Hoekstra University of Twente www.waterfootprint.org

  2. Globalization of water Production Water consumption and pollution related to production for export; water is not factored into the price of traded commodities TRADE Trade Consumption Water saving, but also water dependency

  3. Production chain cotton

  4. [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]

  5. Water footprint of EU’s cotton consumption (blue water) [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]

  6. Former Aral Sea, Central Asia 1989 2008 Cotton for export ► an international water pricing protocol? ► product labeling?

  7. Water footprint of a Coke Water footprint of a 0.5 litre PET-bottle coke as produced in the Dongen factory, the Netherlands 0.44 litre water content 27.6 litre for sugar 5.3 litre for PET bottle and closure 3.0 litre for other ingredients & overheads ___________________ 36 litre total ► industry certification? ► water disclosure?

  8. The total water footprint of a consumer in NL ►about 2% of the water footprint is at home. 26 litre/day (32% blue, 68% grey) ►about 98% of the water footprint is ‘invisible’, it is related to the products consumers buy in the supermarket. 3448 litre/day for agricultural products 541 litre/day for industrial products ►about 95% of NL’s water footprint lies abroad. [Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2011]

  9. soybean Global water footprint of Dutch consumption 95% of the water footprint is outside its own borders [Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2011]

  10. Water footprint of national consumption Global average water footprint ► a Kyoto protocol for water? ► global water footprint reduction targets? [Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2011]

  11. National virtual water balances ► WTO trade rules? [Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2011]

  12. Annual average monthly blue water scarcity Number of months with blue water scarcity > 100% ► an international water pricing protocol? ► minimum water rights? [Hoekstra & Mekonnen, 2011]

  13. Water footprint of biofuels from different crops [litre/litre] Car driving on bio-ethanol from sugar beet: 40-210 litre/km ► coherent energy-water strategies? [Gerbens-Leenes, Hoekstra & Van der Meer, 2009]

  14. International water governance ►product labeling? ►certification of industries? ►water disclosure? ►global water footprint reduction targets? ►a Kyoto protocol on water? ► WTO trade rules? ►an international water pricing protocol? ► minimum water rights? ►coherent energy-water strategies?

  15. The water footprint of a product Green water footprint • ► volume of rainwater evaporated or incorporated into product. Blue water footprint • ► volume of surface or groundwater evaporated, • incorporated into product or returned to other catchment or the sea. Grey water footprint • ► volume of polluted water.

  16. Global water footprint by color [Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2011]

  17. Global water footprint by sector [Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2011]

  18. National water use accounting framework Internal water footprint External water footprint WF of national consumpt. = + + + + Water use for export Virtual water import for re-export Virtual water export = + = = = WF within nation Virtual water import Virtual water budget + = Consumption Export Production Import The traditional statistics on water use, but then limited to withdrawals

  19. WF within a nation WF of national consumption Traditional statistics on water use, but then restricted to water withdrawal [Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2011]

  20. Virtual water transfers in China 52 Gm3/yr [Ma et al., 2006; Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]

  21. Virtual water flows India [Kampman et al., 2008]

  22. Blue water footprint Blue water availability Blue water scarcity [Hoekstra & Mekonnen, 2011]

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