5.4 Consequences of Spanish Exploration

1. 5.4 Consequences of Spanish Exploration

2. Onate Founds New Mexico • Between 1550 and 1590, settlement of New Spain had slowly spreaded northward • King Phillip II gave Juan de Onate permission to settle and govern New Mexico • Life was hard in the colony and there was no gold. • Onate decided to go to Quivera to search for gold and came up empty.

3. The Effects of Spanish Exploration • Although the Spanish failed to find gold, their exploration in Texas gave them a strong claim to the area. • Texas served as a buffer between Spanish settlements and American Indians • Spanish exploration caused disease epidemics that killed the Indians.

4. Columbian Exchange • The term refers to the transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the Americas and other continents • It is named so because it started with Christopher Columbus’s arrival in the Americas in 1492.

5. The Rise of the Plains Horse Culture • The wild offspring of the horses the Spanish brought to the Americas became know as mustangs. • Horses changed Indian life, particularly on the plains. • The Indians could move their belongings more efficiently, become more effective hunters and fighters

6. The Apache Dominate The Plains • The Apache were initially friendly to the Spanish. • When the Spanish started settling among the Pueblo, the relationship changed. • The Pueblo and the Apache were enemies and the Spanish were also viewed as the enemy • The Apache were unstoppable on horseback, but the Spanish had superior weapons