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The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War. Rivalry between Britain and France. English settle the coast. Set up Towns Built Farms Poor relations with natives French settle interior . Built Forts Trade with natives Good relations with natives. North America in 1750. Albany Plan of Union.

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The French and Indian War

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  1. The French and Indian War

  2. Rivalry between Britain and France • English settle the coast. • Set up Towns • Built Farms • Poor relations with natives • French settle interior. • Built Forts • Trade with natives • Good relations with natives

  3. North America in 1750

  4. Albany Plan of Union • June 1754 – 7 Northern colonies meet in Albany, New York • Objectives • Strengthen ties with Iroquois Indians • Create a permanent union of colonies (*1st attempt*) • Albany Plan of Union • Benjamin Franklin • Delegates approve plan • Colonies reject it

  5. Early British Failures • Fort Necessity (May 1754) • George Washington leads a group to claim land in the Ohio River Valley for England • Defeated by the French and forced to retreat to Virginia • Fort Duquesne (1755) • General Edward Braddock leads 1,500 British troops and 450 Colonial militia against the French • 900 French and Indian ambush the British who are in their “traditional” fighting style • George Washington angered by the way British troops fled

  6. 1756  War Is Formally Declared! Lord Loudouin Marquis de Montcalm Native American tribes exploited both sides!

  7. French and Indian War(Seven Years’ War) • World War • Fighting started in colonies and then spread to Europe • 1756, Great Britain officially declares war • Fighting included England, France, Spain, and Austria • Fighting held on three continents

  8. British-American Colonial Tensions Methods ofFighting: • Indian-style guerilla tactics. • March in formation or bayonet charge. MilitaryOrganization: • Col. militias served under own captains. • Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. MilitaryDiscipline: • No mil. deference or protocols observed. • Drills & tough discipline. Finances: • Resistance to rising taxes. • Colonists should pay for their own defense. Demeanor: • Casual, non-professionals. • Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

  9. 1757  William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister • He understood colonial concerns. • He offered them a compromise: - col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. would reimburse col. assemblies for their costs. -Lord Loudoun would be removed. RESULTS? Colonial morale increased by 1758.

  10. British Turn Tide • British put more effort and money into war effort, led by Prime Minister William Pitt • Better prepared and led troops seize Louisburg, Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh), and Fort Niagara • Iroquois join British • French forced to retreat from New York

  11. Siege of Quebec • Summer 1759 • James Wolfe (English) • Marquis de Montcalm (French) • September 12 – French suffer heavy losses in attack on British • French forced to surrender the city

  12. British take control of Canada • Take Montreal • Seize Fort Detroit and other forts along the Great Lakes

  13. 1763  Treaty of Paris France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain -->got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England. England -->got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

  14. North America in 1763

  15. Effects of the War on Britain? 1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

  16. Effects of the War on the American Colonials 1.It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

  17. The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Frontier 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion Fort Detroit British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

  18. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

  19. BACKLASH! British Proclamation Line of 1763. Colonials  Paxton Boys (PA)

  20. Royal Proclamation of 1763 • Created the Proclamation Line of 1763 • No westward beyond the Appalachian Mountains • End of British policy of salutary neglect • Colonists did not follow

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