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Conditional sentences

Understand and apply different conditional sentence structures - Zero, First, Second, Third, Unless. Learn with test examples.

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Conditional sentences

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  1. Conditional sentences

  2. Finish these sentences • If I pass my Analytical Chemistry exam, I will…. • If I passed my Analytical Chemistry exam, I would… • If I had passed my Analytical Chemistry exam, I would have…

  3. Zero Conditional • The Zero Conditional is formed in this way: if + Present Simple, Present Simple If you heat water, it boils. • We use Zero Conditional to describe rules and situations where one event always follows the other. If you want to study in the USA, you have to pass an exam in English.

  4. First Conditional • The First Conditional is formed in this way: if + Present Simple, will + infinitive If you go to the Zoo, you will see the lions. • We use the First Conditional to talk about possible future events that depend on other future events. If I pass my exams, my parents will buy me a scooter. Other possible patterns in the First Conditional: If we save enough money, we can go on holiday. – can If you see him, tell him to give me a ring. - imperative

  5. Second Conditional • The second Conditional is formed in this way: if + Past Simple, would / could / might + infinitive If I had enough money, I would buy a new car. • We use the Second Conditional: 1. To talk about imagined, impossible or unlikely events in the future. If I had enough money, I would love to do something like that. (the sentence refers to the future) 2. To talk about impossible present situations. If I were you, I would study more.

  6. Third Conditional • The Third Conditional is formed in this way: if + Past Perfect, would/could/might + Perfect Infinitive If I had studied more, I wouldhave passed the exam. • We use the Third Conditional to talk about unreal situations in the past and to imagine things that did not happen. If I hadn’t broken my leg, I would have gone skiing.

  7. Unless = if not • You don’t get fit unless you exercise regularly. You don’t get fit if you don’t exercise regularly. • I won’t go there unless we take a taxi. I won’t go there if we don’t take a taxi.

  8. Test Examples • If you ask him, he ___________ (take) you to the airport. • If you ask him, he will take you to the airport. • The view was wonderful. If I ______________(have) a camera with me, I would have taken some photographs. • The view was wonderful. If I had had a camera with me, I would have taken some photographs.

  9. You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned more, I ________________(buy) you the whole world. • You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned more, I would buy you the whole world. • It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I had gone there, I ____________________ (have) a chance to use my Spanish. • It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I had gone there, I would have had a chance to use my Spanish.

  10. If I were you, I ______________ (take) your neighbour to court. • If I were you, I would take your neighbour to court. • I don't know her number, so I can't call her. • If I knew her number, I could call her. • I live too far to walk to school. • If I didn’t live so far away, I would walk to school. • I haven’t got any money, so I won’t buy that CD. • If I had some money, I would buy that CD

  11. His marks weren’t good because he didn’t work hard. • If he had worked harder, his marks would have been good/better. • Pigs haven’t got wings, so they don’t fly. • If pigs had got wings, they would fly. • I’m busy, so I won’t come with you. • If I wasn’t/weren’t busy, I would come with you. • He won’t lend you his camera because he needs it. • If he didn’t need his camera, he would/might lend it to you.

  12. They didn’t know her very well, that’s probably why they didn’t invite her to their party. • If they had known her a bit better, they would probably have invited her to their party • She won’t talk to him because she is so shy. • If she wasn’t/ weren’t so shy, she would talk to him. • We didn’t rebuild the tree house because it was raining so hard. • If it hadn’t been raining so hard, we would have rebuilt the tree house

  13. Peter ate three bars of chocolate. He had a terrible stomach ache. He couldn’t go to the cinema with Stanley and Leslie. • If Peter hadn’t eaten three bars of chocolate, he wouldn’t have had such a terrible stomach ache and if he hadn’t had a stomach ache, he would have been able to go to the cinema with Stanley and Leslie. • Mary sat in the sun too long. She was red and sore. She didn’t enjoy herself at the barbecue that evening. • If Mary hadn’t sat in the sun so long, she wouldn’t have been red and sore. If she hadn’t been so red and sore, she would have enjoyed herself at the BBQ

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