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This educational resource aligns with PA Department of Education Assessment Anchors R5A and R5B, focusing on understanding of sentence types and literary devices. It covers declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative sentences along with figurative language concepts like simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, and alliteration. Students will also learn about parts of a sentence, synonyms, antonyms, homophones, prefixes, suffixes, context clues, inferential reading, and point of view. Developed by Caryn Dingman in November 2010.
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Reading & Language Arts Vocabulary Aligning with Pennsylvania Department of Education Assessment Anchors R5.A (Understanding) and R5.B (Literary Devices) Created by Caryn Dingman November 2010
Kinds of Sentences declarative * statement (tells something) * end sentence with a period
Kinds of Sentences interrogative * question (asks something) * end sentence with a question mark
Kinds of Sentences exclamatory * exclamation (shows excitement) * end sentence with an exclamation mark
Kinds of Sentences imperative * command * telling someone to do something * end sentence with a period
Figurative Language simile * compares 2 things * uses “like” or “as” example: Fall is like a lumpy pumpkin.
Figurative Language metaphor * compares 2 things * says one thing is the other thing example: The cloud is a fluffy cotton ball in the sky.
Figurative Language hyperbole * an exaggeration example: My parents told me a million times to clean my room.
Figurative Language personification * gives human qualities or characteristics to things that are not human example: The rocks guarded the entrance to the cove.
Figurative Language alliteration * the repeating of beginning consonant sounds in words near each other in a sentence or phrase example: rabbits running over roses
Parts of a Sentence simple subject * the “who” or “what” of a sentence * noun or pronoun * person, place, or thing example: Rachel loves her new apartment!
Parts of a Sentence simple predicate * what the “who” or “what” of sentence is doing * verb * shows action in the sentence example: Rachel loves her new apartment!
synonym * a word having the same (or almost the same) meaning as another word examples: big and huge funny and hilarious
antonym * a word having the opposite meaning as another word examples: cold and hot permit and forbid
homophone * words that are pronounced the same way * have different meanings * have different spellings examples: there and their blue and blew
prefix * letters placed BEFORE a root word * changes the root word’s meaning example: unwrap reread preview
suffix * letters placed AFTER a root word * changes the root word’s meaning example: successful farmer quickly
affix * a prefix OR a suffix * attached to a root word * changes the meaning OR changes the part of speech
context clues * using words or sentences around a word you don’t know * help you figure out an unfamiliar word’s meaning
inferential * using a hint or suggestion from the author’s writing * helps you form a conclusion * sometimes called “reading between the lines” example: I think I’ll take my umbrella to work today.
point of view * the way an author tells about characters, events, or ideas * first person: main character is telling story * third person: someone outside the story is telling about it
