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Muscle Tissue: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac - Functions and Characteristics

This text discusses the different types of muscle tissue (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac) and their functions and characteristics. It also covers topics such as muscle anatomy, muscle contractions, energy sources for muscle contraction, and the effects of exercise on muscle health. Additionally, it explores muscle disorders and different types of contractions.

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Muscle Tissue: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac - Functions and Characteristics

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  1. Muscle Tissue Ch 10

  2. Muscular Tissues Skeletal– striated, multinucleate, voluntary, 10-100 m Smooth-found in walls of hollow visceral organs; ex. stomach, bladder, respiratory passages; visceral, nonstriated, involuntary; discuss peristalsis Cardiac–in heart only, striated, involuntary, intercalcated disks

  3. Muscle function: • produce movement • maintain posture • stabilize joints • generate heat • move substances within the body • Functional Characteristics: • Excitability- respond to a stimulus • Contractility- ability to shorten forcibly when • adequately stimulated • Extensibility- the ability to be stretched • Elasticity- the ability of a muscle fiber to resume • its resting length after being stretched

  4. Skeletal Muscle Tissue

  5. Smooth Muscle Tissue

  6. Cardiac Muscle Tissue

  7. Gross Anatomy Skeletal Muscle

  8. bundle of muscle fibers muscle fiber (cell) myofibril sarcomere Muscle Anatomy

  9. Muscle Fiber

  10. Myofibril

  11. Sarcomere Z lines

  12. A band Sarcomere

  13. Sarcomere I bands

  14. actin myosin Actin and Myosin Filaments

  15. Myosin (Thick) Filament

  16. Actin (Thin) Filament

  17. Sliding Filament Hypothesis

  18. tropomyosin Actin (Thin) Filament No Calcium Ion

  19. myosin binding sites tropomyosin Actin (Thin) Filament Calcium Ion Present

  20. Actin & Myosin Interaction

  21. Actin & Myosin Interaction

  22. Actin & Myosin Interaction

  23. Actin & Myosin Interaction

  24. Actin & Myosin Interaction

  25. motor neurons neuromuscular junctions muscle fibers muscle bundle Biology 100 Human Biology Motor Unit spinal cord

  26. Neuromuscular junctions muscle fibers branching axon to motor unit

  27. Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle

  28. axon myofibrils sarcomere plasma membrane

  29. T tubules sarcoplasmic reticulum

  30. Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle

  31. Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle

  32. Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle

  33. Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle

  34. Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle

  35. Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle

  36. Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle

  37. Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle

  38. Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle

  39. Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle

  40. Muscle Twitch period of relaxation period of contraction latent period stimulus

  41. single twitches summation Contraction Response tetanus action potentials in motor neuron

  42. Slow-Twitch Versus Fast-TwitchMuscle Fibers

  43. Energy for muscle contraction: • ATP is the only energy source ATP(ATPase + H2O) ADP + Pi • ATP is Generated by: • creatine phosphate • ADP + creatine phosphatecreatine + ATP • 2. lactic acid fermentation • From stored glycogen via anaerobic glycolysis; • glucosepyruvic acid (no O2) lactic acid • O2 • 3. aerobic respiration • KrebsCO2 + H2O + ATP

  44. Fast glycolitic:white muscle fibers, low myoglobin, anaerobic glycolysis, few mitochondria, fast twitch fibers, high glycogen stores, short bursts, fatigues easily Slow oxidative:red muscle, aerobic, high myoglobin, low glycogen stores, lots mitochondria, slow, tonic, long distance Fast oxidative:red  pink, aerobic, fast, high myoglobin, intermediate amt. of mitochondria, intermediate glycogen, intermediate fatigue resistance Ratio- red:white (all 3 types in body) Ex. fish- long distance blue fin tuna- mostly red meat quick bursts- yellow tail- more white meat

  45. Long distance Runner- aerobic respiration Sprinter- anaerobic respiration

  46. Effects of Exercise • Hypertrophy- excessive enlargement of muscle tissue • Atrophy- disuse • Muscles must be physically active if they are to remain healthy • Cast- muscle strength can decrease at a rate of 5%/ day; can use e- stimulus • Avoid muscle injuries: • warm up muscles- walk fast 5 minutes • then stretch- avoids pulls and tares

  47. Steroids • Anabolic steroids • similar to testosterone • large doses required for good effect • Side effects: • overall - kidney and heart damage, aggressiveness • females - sterility, facial hair, breast & uterine atrophy • males - baldness, atrophy of testis  

  48. Muscle Disorders • cramp- sustained spasm or tetanic contraction; may be due to low blood sugar levels, electrolyte depletion, dehydration • how to care for cramp: RICE • strain- muscle pull • spasm- tics • hernia- protrusion of organ through body cavity wall may be due to heavy wts.

  49. Isotonic and Isometric Contractions • Isotonic contraction • Contraction with a change in length • The muscle shortens and movement occurs. • Isometric contraction • Contraction without any change in length • The muscle does not shorten and there is no movement produced even though the muscle contracts.

  50. Isotonic and Isometric Contractions Isometric Isotonic

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