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Hormones That Affect Metabolism

Hormones That Affect Metabolism. Thyroid Gland. Located at the base of neck Below larynx, in front of the trachea Made up of two lobes, joined by a band of tissue. Pg 400. Thyroid Gland. Produces hormones thyroxine (T4 ) Note: the 4 refers to the 4 iodine molecules in the hormone

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Hormones That Affect Metabolism

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  1. Hormones That Affect Metabolism

  2. Thyroid Gland • Located at the base of neck • Below larynx, in front of the trachea • Made up of two lobes, joined by a band of tissue Pg 400

  3. Thyroid Gland • Produces hormones thyroxine (T4) • Note: the 4 refers to the 4 iodine molecules in the hormone • Increases the rate at which the body metabolises fats, proteins and carbohydrates for energy.

  4. receptors in hypothalamus Stimulus Monitor Low metabolic rate Coordinating Center Hypothalamus  TRH Pituitary  TSH Thyroid  thyroxine (T4) Response Regulators ↑ metabolism • Body cells - ↑ rate of cellular respiration

  5. Thyroid Gland • Produces hormone CALCITONIN • Released in response to high calcium levels in blood

  6. chemoreceptors in blood Stimulus Monitor High blood calcium Coordinating Center Parathyroid – inhibits PTH Thyroid – releases calcitonin Regulators Response ↓ blood calcium • Kidneys - ↑ Ca2+ in urine • Bones – Ca2+ deposited

  7. Parathyroid Glands • Small glands attached to thyroid • Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) • PTH is released in response to low blood calcium

  8. chemoreceptors in blood Stimulus Monitor low blood calcium Coordinating Center Parathyroid releases PTH Regulators Response • Kidneys - retain Ca2+ • Intestine – retain Ca2+ • Bones – release Ca2+ ↑ blood calcium

  9. Thyroid Disorders Hypothyroidism • thyroid produces extremely low quantities of thyroxine • When in children, produces kids with cretinism – stocky and shorter than avg

  10. Thyroid Disorders Hypothyroidism • when in adults  symptoms include tiredness, slow pulse, puffy skin, hair loss, weight gain

  11. Thyroid Disorders Hyperthyroidism • overproduction of thyroxine • Symptoms – anxiety, insomnia, heat intolerance, irregular heartbeat, weight loss

  12. Thyroid Disorders • Graves Disease – a severe state of hyperthyroidism • Immune system attacks the thyroid • Symptoms – muscles around eyes swell, causes protruding eyes (interferes with vision)

  13. Thyroid Disorders Goitre • Occur when insufficient iodine in diet prevents thyroxine from being made • The feedback loop does not function properly • TSH relentless stimulates the thyroid • Produces an enlarged gland

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