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Hormones That Affect Metabolism

Hormones That Affect Metabolism. Thyroid Gland. Located at the base of neck Below larynx, in front of the trachea. Thyroid Gland. Produces hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) (iodine is an important component of both) Trigger: low MR or cold  TSH Target: many tissues

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Hormones That Affect Metabolism

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  1. Hormones That Affect Metabolism

  2. Thyroid Gland • Located at the base of neck • Below larynx, in front of the trachea

  3. Thyroid Gland • Produces hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) (iodine is an important component of both) Trigger: low MR or cold  TSH Target: many tissues Effect: Increase metabolism, protein synthesis, production of ATP

  4. receptors in hypothalamus Stimulus Monitor Low metabolic rate Coordinating Center Hypothalamus  TRH Pituitary  TSH Thyroid  thyroxine (T4) Response Regulators ↑ metabolism • Body cells - ↑ sugar utilization

  5. Thyroid Gland • Produces hormone CALCITONIN Trigger: increased blood calcium Target: bone Effect: deposit calcium in bone

  6. Parathyroid Glands • Small, pea-shaped glands • Located in neck near the thyroid • Usually 4 – but number can vary • Regulate level of calcium in body

  7. Parathyroid Glands • Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) Trigger: Low level of calcium in blood Target: bone, kidney, intestine Effect: reabsorb calcium into blood

  8. chemoreceptors in blood Stimulus Monitor High blood calcium Coordinating Center Parathyroid – inhibits PTH Thyroid – releases calcitonin Regulators Response ↓ blood calcium • Kidneys - ↑ Ca2+ in urine • Bones – Ca2+ deposited

  9. chemoreceptors in blood Stimulus Monitor low blood calcium Coordinating Center Parathyroid releases PTH Regulators Response • Kidneys - retain Ca2+ • Intestine – retain Ca2+ • Bones – release Ca2+ ↑ blood calcium

  10. Thyroid Disorders • Inadequate levels of thyroid hormones can cause hypothyroidism or myxedema

  11. Thyroid Disorders Myxedema Symptoms • Facial bloating • Weakness • Cold intolerance • Dry skin • Weight gain • Goiter (excess TSH)

  12. Thyroid Disorders • Overproduction of thyroid hormones results in hyperthyroidism • commonly called Graves disease

  13. Thyroid Disorders Symptoms • Insomnia, fatigue • Hyptertension • Weight loss • Heat intolerance Long term hyperthyroidism causes exopthalmos – bulging of eyeballs

  14. Homework Pg 387 # 1-8

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