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Lesson XX

Lesson XX. 3 rd – io and 4 th conjugation verbs. REVIEW. REVIEW : Latin verbs (with very few irregular exceptions) are divided into four groups called conjugations. The division is based on the verb’s present infinitive.

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Lesson XX

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  1. Lesson XX 3rd –io and 4th conjugation verbs

  2. REVIEW REVIEW: Latin verbs (with very few irregular exceptions) are divided into four groups called conjugations. The division is based on the verb’s present infinitive. “Conjugating” means creating a chart of your verb to see it in all its persons and numbers in a certain tense.

  3. 1st conjugation When an infinitive has an -āreending, it belongs to the first conjugation. Find its stem by dropping the –re from the second principal part. vocō, vocāreto call present stem: vocā

  4. 2nd conjugation When an infinitive has an -ēreending, it belongs to the second conjugation. Find its stem by dropping the –re from the second principal part. teneō, tenēreto have present stem: tenē

  5. 3rd conjugation When an infinitive has an -ereending, it belongs to the third conjugation. Find its stem by dropping the –erefrom the second principal part. mittō, mittereto send present stem: mitt

  6. 4th conjugation When an infinitive has an -īreending, it belongs to the first conjugation. Find its stem by dropping the –re from the second principal part. muniō, munīreto fortify present stem: munī

  7. 4th conjugation There is an –i before the –o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt in every 4th conjugation present tense verb! audiō, audīreto hear present stem: audī

  8. 4th conjugation Imperatives are normal: Singular = present stem; Plural = present stem + te munīremunīmunīte fortify! audīreaudīaudīte listen!/hear!

  9. 3rd –io verbs When an infinitive has an –ere ending and the first principal part ends in -io, it belongs to the third -io conjugation. This is a special group within the 3rd conjugation and it will be conjugated in a special way. Recall that a short –e became a short –i in regular 3rd conjugation verbs. That will still happen with 3rd –io conjugation verbs. You just have to remember that there will be an extra –I in the 1st person singular and in the 3rd person plural. Find its stem by dropping the –ere from the second principal part.

  10. 3rd –io verbs faciō, facereto do, make present stem: faci

  11. 3rd –io verbs You can think of the endings as being this: -iō -imus -is -itis -it -iunt

  12. 3rd –io verbs capiō, capereto take present stem: capi

  13. 3rd –io verbs Singular imperatives are normal (singular = present stem). Plural is not normal but makes sense: the formula is present stem + te but the short –e becomes an i before the –te. caperecape! capite! Take! accipereaccipe! accipite! Receive! facerefac! facite! Do!

  14. Perfect Tense • Great news! The perfect tense is formed the exact same way for all verbs! The verb can be regular or irregular; it can belong to any conjugation! • Review: How do I form the perfect tense? • Take the 3rd principal part of any verb • Drop the –i (what is left is called the perfect stem) • Add the Perfect tense endings -i -imus -isti -istis -it -erunt

  15. Perfect Stems PATTERN 1stamāvī (amāre) NO PATTERN 2nddocuī (docēre) vidī (vidēre) 3rdmisī (mittere) posuī (ponere) 3rd –iofecī (facere) cepī (capere) 4thvenī (venīre) munivī (munīre)

  16. PRESENT or PERFECT? capiō, capere, cēpī, captus regō, regere, rexī, rectus muniō, munīre, munīvī, munītus capiunt

  17. PRESENT or PERFECT? capiō, capere, cēpī, captus regō, regere, rexī, rectus muniō, munīre, munīvī, munītus munivistī

  18. PRESENT or PERFECT? capiō, capere, cēpī, captus regō, regere, rexī, rectus muniō, munīre, munīvī, munītus rexit

  19. PRESENT or PERFECT? capiō, capere, cēpī, captus regō, regere, rexī, rectus muniō, munīre, munīvī, munītus muniō

  20. PRESENT or PERFECT? capiō, capere, cēpī, captus regō, regere, rexī, rectus muniō, munīre, munīvī, munītus cēpistis

  21. PRESENT or PERFECT? capiō, capere, cēpī, captus regō, regere, rexī, rectus muniō, munīre, munīvī, munītus regunt

  22. PRESENT or PERFECT? capiō, capere, cēpī, captus regō, regere, rexī, rectus muniō, munīre, munīvī, munītus munivērunt

  23. PRESENT or PERFECT? capiō, capere, cēpī, captus regō, regere, rexī, rectus muniō, munīre, munīvī, munītus rexī

  24. PRESENT or PERFECT? capiō, capere, cēpī, captus regō, regere, rexī, rectus muniō, munīre, munīvī, munītus capit

  25. PRESENT or PERFECT? capiō, capere, cēpī, captus regō, regere, rexī, rectus muniō, munīre, munīvī, munītus cēpit

  26. Turn the following verbs from perfect tense to present tense. portāvērunt munivērunt fecērunt cēpērunt ēgērunt

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