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Proteins

Proteins. Aim : What are the building blocks of proteins? . Building Blocks: Amino Acids. = Central Carbon. Amino Acids. Valine. Alanine. Q: How are these amino acids similar? How do they differ?. Glycine. What are proteins?. Proteins ALWAYS contain the following atoms:

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Proteins

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  1. Proteins

  2. Aim: What are the building blocks of proteins?

  3. Building Blocks: Amino Acids = Central Carbon

  4. Amino Acids Valine Alanine Q: How are these amino acids similar? How do they differ? Glycine

  5. What are proteins? • Proteins ALWAYS contain the following atoms: • Nitrogen (N) • Carbon (C) • Hydrogen (H) • Oxygen (O) Note: sometimes they also contain sulfur & phosphorus • Many kinds of proteins exist, each with different properties.

  6. Why do we need them? • Found throughout living organisms. • Structural parts of cells and body tissues (bone, hair, muscle, & cartilage). • Proteins are found in Hormones (chemical messengers that control body functions). • Ex: Insulin- a hormone that regulates glucose levels • In Antibodies (our defense against disease). • Enzymes- “special” proteins that allow complex chemical reactions to occur faster.

  7. 20 Different Amino Acids Amino Acid Structure: ONLY Side chains (R) differ

  8. Dehydration Synthesis H2O Removed To link amino acids together.

  9. Dehydration Synthesis (Another look)

  10. Hydrolysis Water is added (hydro-) which breaks the peptide bond (-lyse)

  11. Hydrolysis To BREAK the peptide Bond. H2O added Q: What are the reactants? What are the products?

  12. Proteins • RNA- contains the information to make proteins. Q: What kind of organic compound is RNA? • The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain determines the type of protein that is formed. • Different amino acid sequences = different proteins Note: amino acids are NOT really square, circular, etc. The different shapes are used to represent different amino acids.

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