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CHILD LABOUR

CHILD LABOUR. CHILD LABOUR ESTIMATES. CHILD LABOUR ESTIMATES. CHILD LABOUR ESTIMATES. CHILD LABOUR ESTIMATES. MINIMUM AGE CONVENTION, 1973 (NO.138) & RECOMMENDATION, 1973 (NO.146) 147 ratifications. MINIMUM AGE FOR ADMISSION TO EMPLOYMENT. Hazardous work. Minimum age admission

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CHILD LABOUR

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  1. CHILD LABOUR

  2. CHILD LABOUR ESTIMATES

  3. CHILD LABOUR ESTIMATES

  4. CHILD LABOUR ESTIMATES

  5. CHILD LABOUR ESTIMATES

  6. MINIMUM AGE CONVENTION, 1973 (NO.138) & RECOMMENDATION, 1973 (NO.146) 147 ratifications

  7. MINIMUM AGE FOR ADMISSION TO EMPLOYMENT Hazardous work Minimum age admission to employment or work Light work shall not be less than the age of completion of compulsory schooling and, in any case, shall not be less than 15 years (Art. 2.3) 13 years (Art. 7.1) 18 years (Art. 3) 16 years (2) (Art. 3.3) Exception (1) 14 years (Art. 2.4) 12 years (Art. 7.4) • (1) A Member whose economy and educational facilities are insufficiently developed may initially specify • a minimum age of 14 years • (2) National laws or regulations or the competent authority may, authorise employment or work as from the • age of 16 years on condition that • the health, safety and morals of the young persons concerned are fully protected, and that • the young persons have received adequate specific instruction or vocational training in the relevant • branch of activity

  8. LIGHT WORK (Art. 7. 1) National laws or regulations may permit the employment or work of persons 13 to 15 years of age on light work which is: (a) not likely to be harmful to their health or development; and (b) not such as to prejudice their attendance at school, their participation in vocational orientation or training programmes (…) or their capacity to benefit from the instruction received

  9. HAZARDOUS WORK (Art. 3.1 and 3.3) • Any type of employment or work which by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out is likely to jeopardise the health, safety or morals • The minimum age for admission shall not be less than 18 years • National laws or regulations or the competent authority may, after consultation with the organisations of employers and workers concerned (…) authorise employment or work as from the age of 16 years on condition that the health, safety and morals of the young persons concerned are fully protected and that the young persons have received adequate specific instruction or vocational training in the relevant branch of activity

  10. ADOPTION OF A NATIONAL POLICY (Art. 1) Each Member for which this Convention is in force undertakes to pursue a national policy designed to ensure the effective abolition of child labour and and to raise progressively the minimum age for admission to employment or work to a level consistent with the fullest physical and mental development of young persons

  11. ADOPTION OF ALL NECESSARY MEASURES (Art. 9) The competent authority shall take: • all necessary measures, including the provision of appropriate penalties to ensure the effective enforcement of the provisions of this Convention • define the persons responsible for compliance with the provisions giving effect to the Convention • prescribe the registers or other documents which shall be kept and made available by the employer

  12. 16 14 13

  13. WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR CONVENTION, 1999 (No. 182) & RECOMMENDATION, 1999 (No. 190) 162 ratifications

  14. OBLIGATION (Art. 1) Each Member which ratifies this Convention shall take IMMEDIATE and EFFECTIVE measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) as a matter of URGENCY

  15. CHILD (boys & girls) (Art. 2) For the purposes of this Convention, the term child shall apply to all persons under the age of 18

  16. DEFINITION: WFCL (Art. 3) • all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, • - such as the sale and trafficking of children, • - debt bondage and serfdom and • - forced or compulsory labour, • - including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict;

  17. DEFINITION: WFCL (Art. 3) (b) the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances;

  18. DEFINITION: WFCL (Art. 3) (c) the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties;

  19. TO BE DETERMINED: WFCL – HAZARDOUS WORK (Art. 3) (d) work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.

  20. HAZARDOUS WORK (Art. 4) • the types of work referred to under Article 3(d) shall be determined by national laws or regulations or by the competent authority • after consultation with the organizations of employers • and workers concerned • taking into consideration relevant international standards, in particular Paragraphs 3 and 4 of R.190 • the competent authority, after consultation with the organizations of employers and workers concerned, shall identify where the types of work so determined exist • - the list of the types of work shall be periodically examined and revised as necessary, in consultation with the organizations of employers and workers concerned

  21. HAZARDOUS WORK RECOMMENDATION no. 190 (Par. 3) • (Hazardous work) C.182 Art 3d)in determining the types of work referred to under Article 3(d) of the Convention, and in identifying where they exist, consideration should be given, inter alia, to: (a) work which exposes children to physical, psychological or sexual abuse; (b) work underground, under water, at dangerous heights or in confined spaces; (c) work with dangerous machinery, equipment and tools, or which involves the manual handling or transport of heavy loads;

  22. HAZARDOUS WORK RECOMMENDATION no. 190 (Par. 3) • (Hazardous work) C.182 Art 3d)in determining the types of work referred to under Article 3(d) of the Convention, and in identifying where they exist, consideration should be given, inter alia, to: (d) work in an unhealthy environment which may, for example, expose children to hazardous substances, agents or processes, or to temperatures, noise levels, or vibrations damaging to their health; (e) work under particularly difficult conditions such as work for long hours or during the night or work where the child is unreasonably confined to the premises of the employer.

  23. ACTION PROGRAMMES (Art. 6) Each Member shall design and implementprogrammes of action to eliminate as a priority the WFCL - in consultation with relevant government institutions and employers' and workers' organizations - taking into consideration the views of other concerned groups as appropriate

  24. ACTION PROGRAMMES (R. Par. 2) C. Art. 6.2 “(...) taking into consideration the views of other concerned groups as appropriate” Recommendation (paragraph 2) says: “(…) taking into consideration the views of the childrendirectly affected by the WFCL, their families and, as appropriate, other concerned groups committed to the aims of the Convention”

  25. ACTION PROGRAMMES (R. Par. 2 c) Shall give special attention to: • younger children; (ii) the girl child; (iii) the problem of hidden work situations, in which girls are at special risk; (iv) other groups of children with special vulnerabilities or needs;

  26. ADOPTION OF ALL NECESSARY MEASURES (Art. 7) 1. Each Member shall take all necessary measures to ensure the effective implementation and enforcement of the provisions giving effect to this Convention including the provision and application of penal sanctions or, as appropriate, other sanctions. …/...

  27. ADOPTION OF ALL NECESSARY MEASURES (Art. 7) Each Member shall, taking into account the importance of education in eliminating child labour, take effective and time-bound measures to: (a)preventthe engagement of children in the WFCL; (b) providethe necessary andappropriate direct assistance for the removal of children from the WFCL and for their rehabilitation and social integration; (c) ensure access to free basic education, and, wherever possible and appropriate, vocational training, for all children removed from the WFCL; (d) identify and reach out to children at special risk; and (e) take account of the special situation of girls.

  28. APPROPRIATE MONITORING MECHANISMS (Art. 5) • Each Member shall, after consultation with employers' and workers' organizations, establish or designate appropriate mechanisms to monitor the implementation of the provisions giving effect to the Convention

  29. C.182 C.138

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