Sexuality II

1. Sexuality II Chapter 7

2. Objectives • List the 3 different types of STI’s • Differentiate between the STIs and list 3 ways to decrease the risk of contraction

3. Introduction Sexually Transmitted Infections • There are 25 infections that are primarily spread through sexual activity. • 65 million people currently living it the United States with an incurable STI. • 15 million people become infected with one or more STI each year.

4. Sexually Transmitted Infections WHO’S AT RISK??? ANYONE WHO IS SEXUALLY ACTIVE WHAT IS CONSIDERED SEXUAL ACTIVITY??? ONLY VAGINAL INTERCOURSE?

5. Sexually Transmitted Infections HOW ARE THEY TRANSMITTED? • Vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse • By simply touching an infected area • STIs can be transferred to the mouth, eyes, nose, and other orifices of the body • You can become infected if someone’s blood, semen, vaginal secretions, or pre-cum goes into your body during vaginal, anal, or oral sex

6. Asymptomatic STI’s Bacterial STI’s • As many as 20% of infected males and 80% of infected females are without symptoms Viral STI’s have even higher percentages

7. Levels of Risk • Sexual behaviors have different levels of risk for different STIs • High Risk • Low Risk • No Risk

8. 3 Types of STIs • Bacterial • Viral • Parasitic

9. Bacterial STI’s • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Syphilis

10. Chlamydia • Most common bacterial STI in the U.S. • Typically spread during vaginal, oral, or anal sex and can infect other body parts such as the eyes, nose, and throat • Many cases are asymptomatic • 75% of infected females • 51% of infected males • If symptoms are present, they will occur 1-3 weeks after infection

11. Chlamydia cont… • Leading cause of preventable infertility and ectopic pregnancies • Complications • Blindness • Infertility • Ectopic pregnancy • Treatment:Tetracycline, Doxyceline, or Erythromycin

12. Male Symptoms thin whitish discharge itching & burning during urination pain/swelling of testes low grade fever Female Symptoms moderate vaginal discharge itching & burning urination abdominal pain bleeding b/w periods nausea, headaches, low grade fever Symptoms of Chlamydia

13. Gonorrhea • Many cases are asymptomatic • 60-80% of infected females • 5-20% of infected males • If symptoms are present, they will occur 3-5 days after infection • Infection is found primarily in the linings of the urethra, vagina, mouth, and rectum • Complications: sterility • Treatment:Penicillin, Spectinomycin, Cefixime, Tetracycline, or Ceftriaxone

14. Male Symptoms foul smelling discharge from penis painful urination blood or puss in urine enlarged lymph nodes in groin area Female Symptoms similar discharge from vagina painful urination pelvic pain painful menstruation Symptoms of Gonorrhea

15. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or other reproductive organ • The infection may cause scarring of the fallopian tubes and tissues in and near the uterus and ovaries. This scarring can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, abcess formation, and chronic pelvic pain.

16. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease cont… • Women with more sexual partners have a higher risk of developing PID. • The most common STIs that lead to PID are chlamydia and gonorrhea. • Majority of the time it’s asymptomatic • Treatment: Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, or Metronidazole

17. Syphilis • Contracted and spread through vaginal, oral, and anal sex as well as through blood and blood products • A person may be unknowingly infected with syphilis and transmit it to others.

18. Syphilis cont… THREE STAGES: 1. Painless sore 10-90 days after infection 2. Flu like symptoms 3wks -3 months after primary stage. 3. Skin lesions, mental deterioration, blindness, & heart disease. 3-10 yrs after primary and secondary stages. Treatment: Antibiotics, usually penicillin injections Complications: Can be fatal

19. Viral STI’s • Genital Herpes • HIV/AIDS • Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV) • Hepatitis B

20. Genital Herpes • Approximately 45 million people infected • Many individuals are asymptomatic • If symptoms are present, they will occur 2-20 days after infection • Simplex I and Simplex II • Herpes can be contracted and spread through vaginal, oral, or anal sex, as well as skin-to-skin contact • Sores can be found in and around the vaginal area, on the penis, around the anal opening, on the buttocks or thighs, in or around the mouth, and in the eyes

21. Genital Herpes cont… • Initial symptoms • tingling or burning sensation in the genitals • low back pain • pain when urinating • Flu-like symptoms • Red bumps develop into painful blisters • Treatment of symptoms:Acyclovir, Famcyclovir, Valacyclovir

22. Genital Herpes

23. HIV & AIDS • Transmitted one of four ways: • Vaginal, anal, oral intercourse • Sharing a needle • Blood products containing HIV • Mother to child • Bodily fluids containing virus: • blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk • Primary Population at Risk: • young adults in their teens & 20’s

24. AIDS Cases by Age

25. HIV/AIDS cont… • May be asymptomatic for years • HIV may not progress to AIDS for over 10 years • No known cure at this time • Symptoms:Fatigue, dry cough, fever, night sweats, diarrhea, skin rashes, swollen lymph nodes, vaginal yeast infections, and/or unexplained weight loss • Treatment: mixture of different drugs to boost the immune system

26. Human Papilloma Viruses • Approximately 20 million people in the U.S. are infected with HPV • Means of Contraction: skin to skin contact, oral, anal, & vaginal intercourse • Majority of Cases are ASYMPTOMATIC • > 100 strains of HPV

27. Human Papilloma Viruses cont… • There is a strong link between HPV and cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, and anus • Several HPV strains have been found to be at least partially responsible for more than 90% of cancers of the cervix. • These same HPV strains have been found in oral cancers – the current view is that HPV may be a factor that contributes to the development of oral cancers in 20% of people.

28. Human Papilloma Viruses

29. Human Papilloma Viruses

30. HPV cont… • Male symptoms: • Genital warts on foreskin or shaft of penis • Female symptoms: • Genital warts on vaginal opening, cervix, or inner walls of vaginal • No known cure at this time • Treatment of symptoms: Topical application or surgery to reduce size and spreading

31. Hepatitis B • Transmitted through blood, semen, and vaginal secretions • Spread mainly through sexual contact • 90% eliminate the virus through immunoglobulins • Of the chronic carriers, 15-20% will die from cirrhosis or liver cancer • Vaccination is available • 50% of adults infected are asymptomatic

32. Symptoms of Hepatitis B • Prodrome phase: diminished appetite, weight loss, fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, cough, low grade fever, right-sided upper abdominal pain • Icteric phase:urine darkens, stools becomes a clay color, liver becomes enlarged and tender, itching, yellow cast to the skin or eyes • Recovery phase: may develop a chronic disease • Treatment for chronic disease: Interferon

33. Parasitic STI’s • Pubic Lice • Scabies

34. Pubic Lice & Scabies(“crabs”) (“itch mites”) • Tiny insects that live on the skin • Pubic Lice infect hairy parts of skin • Some may have no symptoms, while others have severe itching • Scabies result in an itchy rash on the skin • Itching may get worse at night • Rash on folds of skin between fingers, wrists, elbows, abdomen, & genitals

35. Pubic Lice cont… Treatment: • Shampoos and creams with lindane • Clean all clothes, linens, & towels in HOT water • Avoid close contact with others…….. • You must tell anyone whom you have had close contact or shared your bed linens, clothes, or towels

36. STI Prevention • ABSTINENCE • BE MATURE & RESPONSIBLE:mutually monogamous relationships with an uninfected individual • LIMIT NUMBER OF PARTNERS & ALWAYS USE A CONDOM • Realize Condoms aren’t 100% effective in protecting you!! • If infected, avoid sexual contact & seek treatment • Remember that most STIs are asymptomatic

37. Testing is Everyone’s Responsibility • Symptoms of STI’s can develop slowly or be asymptomatic • Regular & accurate evaluations are necessary • Only way to have adequate knowledge of your history is to be tested • You’ll never know unless you’re tested! • Communicate with your partner

38. Methods of Testing STI’s 3 Categories • Inspection • Symptomatic genital warts, herpes, and pubic lice • Blood or Urine tests • Blood tests: Hepatitis B, Syphilis, & HIV • Urine tests: Chlamydia & Gonorrhea • Smears form vagina or urethra/Fluid collection • Fluid collection: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, & Herpes

39. Complications of STI’s • Infertility • Cancer • Complications during pregnancy • Some can be fatal • AIDS, Hepatitis B, Syphilis

40. Readiness for Sexual Activity • This is a decision with many physical, spiritual, and emotional implications. • Individuals have very different timelines of when they feel comfortable participating in different types of sexual activity. • There are very real risks associated with ALL forms of sexual activity.

41. Readiness for Sexual Activity cont… • Some view sexual activity as a very casual event and others wait until they are married to participate in sexual activity. • You must be able to talk openly and honestly to your prospective sexual partner about your wishes and beliefs on this subject.

42. Benefits of Waiting More time to get to know your partner w/out the pressures sex can add to a relationship Freedom from worries about unplanned pregnancy and STIs Build a stronger relationship based on friendship and trust Becoming Sexually Active Stay informed and decide which contraception method and STI protection make sense for you and your partner Think about how an unplanned pregnancy, STI, or break-up would affect you and your long-term plans What are the spiritual and emotional implications for you? Readiness for Sexual Activity cont…

43. Readiness for Sexual Activity cont… • Learn the difference between “YES” AND “NO”. If you hear “no”, “maybe”, or if you hear nothing, STOP and talk to your partner. • Do not use mind-alternating substances such as drugs and alcohol. • These substances decrease your decision making ability • Problematic for using a condom consistently and correctly • Interferes with listening for the “yes” answer

44. Summary • STI’s are transmitted by skin to skin contact, touching an infected area, vaginal, oral, and anal intercourse • 3 main types of STI’s: bacterial, viral, & parasitic • Many STI’s are ASYMPTOMATIC • Bacterial STI’s can be treated with antibiotics • Viral STI’s are life long infections • Parasitic STI’s can be treated with shampoos and creams • STI prevention includes: abstinence, mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected individual, limit number of partners, use condoms, STI testing, communicating with your partner

45. Local Contacts and Websites: • Texas A&M University • Health Center 847-9242 • Women’s Clinic 845-1576 • Health Services 845-6111 • AIDS Services of Brazos Valley • 260-2437 • Texas Dept of Health: • http://www.tdh.texas.gov/hivstd • Hope Pregnancy Center of Brazos County - 846-1097 • Good Samaritan Pregnancy Services - 846-2909 • Planned Parenthood - 846-1744 • Project Rachel - 888-456-4673

46. Contacts and Websites cont… • Center for Disease Control • www.cdc.gov • CDC National STI Hotline • 1-800-227-8922 • www.sunsite.unc.edu/ASHA • www.unspeakable.com • Risk Profile • STD Quiz • http://www.acha.org/info_resources/stis_on_campus.cfm • Other STI slides

47. Contacts and Websites cont… • Emergency Contraception Hotline • 1-800-584-9911 • National Council on Adoption • 1-800-772-9100 • www.ncfa-usa.org • National Abortion Federation • 1-800-772-9100 • www.cais.com/naf