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THE BASAL GANGLIA

THE BASAL GANGLIA. Stephen Crocker, Ph.D. Department of Neuroscience L4012 crocker@uchc.edu. Cerebral Cortex. Basal Ganglia. FUNCTIONS. Facilitates cortical output that initiates and produces effective motor (emotional and cognitive) behaviors.

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THE BASAL GANGLIA

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  1. THE BASAL GANGLIA Stephen Crocker, Ph.D. Department of Neuroscience L4012 crocker@uchc.edu

  2. Cerebral Cortex Basal Ganglia FUNCTIONS Facilitates cortical output that initiates and produces effective motor (emotional and cognitive) behaviors. Inhibits cortical output that produces competing or ineffective motor (emotional and cognitive) behaviors. 2/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 29 Mar 12

  3. How Did Disease Help Elucidate the Functions of the Basal Ganglia? 3/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

  4. DISEASES OF THE BASAL GANGLIA • Hypokinesias • impairment in initiation, velocity and amplitude of movement, hypertonia • Hyperkinesias • extra movements (dyskinesias), hypotonia • Dementias • cognitive and emotional dysfunctions (e.g. Parkinson’s Disease) (e.g. Huntington’s Disease) 4/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

  5. PARKINSON'S DISEASE Sir William Richard Gowers Parkinson Disease sketch 1886 Wikipedia.com 5/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

  6. PARKINSON'S DISEASE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sf1N0Zf5IqA 6/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

  7. HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpNsspu16Pg 7/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

  8. NEUROANATOMY BASAL GANGLIA Caudate Putamen Globus Pallidus ……… Substantia Innominata Nucleus Basalis Nucleus Accumbens Olfactory Tubercle Dorsal Ventral ASSOCIATED NUCLEI Subthalamic Nucleus Substantia Nigra 8/23

  9. Regions of the cerebral cortex that project to the corpus striatum

  10. How Do These Parts Work Together? 12/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

  11. Integrative Signaling In the Basal Ganglia 16/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

  12. Insert Figure 18.3 and 18.4 from Purves here. 11/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

  13. STRIATAL ANATOMY Association Ctx (layers IIII-V) Limbic & Other Association Ctx (deep layer V) Somatosensory Ctx Motor Ctx Substantia Nigra compacta Direct pathway (action selection) Striosome Indirect pathway (action suppression) Matrix Medium spiny neurons Cholinergic interneurons Degenerating dopaminergic axons

  14. Huntington’s Disease Hypokinesias Parkinson’s Disease Hemiballism, Athetosis 23/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

  15. 22/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

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