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DNA

DNA. "The Blueprint of Life". DNA stands for... D _________ N _______ A ____. DNA FACTS. established by _________ and ________ Shape of a ______ ________. codes for your _________   (traits) made of repeating subunits called _____________. What is a nucleotide?. Has three parts:   

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DNA

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  1. DNA "The Blueprint of Life"

  2. DNA stands for...D_________N_______A____

  3. DNA FACTS • established by _________ and ________ • Shape of a ______ ________

  4. codes for your _________  (traits) • made of repeating subunits called _____________

  5. What is a nucleotide? Has three parts:    ______________ ____________________ (sugar) _________________  (A,T,G,C)

  6. Base-Pair Rule ________ <==> Thymine Guanine <==> ________ The sides (_________) of the DNA ladder are ____________ & ______ held together by  _________________

  7. Base Pair Rule One side:     A   T   A      T   C   A      T   G   C      G   G   G Other side:

  8. How the Code Works The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have, for example C A T C A T   =  purple hair T A C T A C  =  yellow hair

  9. Let's Review What We Know About DNA 1.  DNA stands for:   De _____ ribo ______  acid 2.  What is the shape of DNA? _______________ 3.  Who established the structure of DNA?  ____________ 4.  Adenine always pairs with _______________ 5.  The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____ 6.  Guanine always pairs with _____________ 7.  What is the complimentary sequence:   A A T  G  C A 8.  The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds. 9.  DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________ 10.  What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? _______________________________________

  10. DNA REPLICATION the process by which DNA makes a ________ of itself (_____ ______________) SEMI-_______________ - _____ of the old strand is saved and ________ is new

  11. RNA - _____________________*___________ strand*______________ sugar*contains no _________, ________ instead*3 types: ______, ______, and ______*follows base pair ruleDNA:   A  T  A   G  C  GRNA:  

  12. mRNA carries the “_______________" to the ___________, where proteins are made rRNA and ______ build a __________ tRNA carries the ______ _________ to the ___________, where proteins are made

  13. DNA -->  RNA -->  Protein Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

  14. Transcription -  process where RNA is made from DNATranslation - process where proteins are made from RNA

  15. Transcription and Translation: How Proteins are made by the cell TRANSCRIPTION 1. One of the strands of DNA is used as a _________________ to create a strand of ____________ 2. Requires the ___________________ RNA polymerase 3. Transcription always starts at a region called the _________________. 4. _______________ are segments of DNA that do not contain ________________. ___________ are segments that contain genes. 5. Each ____ bases on mRNA is a _______________, it corresponds to an __________ acid

  16. Transcription of mRNA from DNA

  17. TRANSLATION • Takes the _____________________ on mRNA and converts it into an _____________ acid chain • 2. Individual amino acids will join to form a _______________. • Shapes and composition of protein determine its functionality (hair, enzymes, skin, muscles etc)

  18. The steps in translation are: 1. The ________________________ binds to _____________ at a specific area. 2. The ribosome starts matching ____________ ______________ sequences to the mRNA ___________ sequence. 3. Each time a new tRNA comes into the ribosome, the amino acid that it was carrying gets _______________ to the elongating ______________________ chain. 4. The ribosome continues until it hits a ______________ sequence, then it releases the polypeptide and the mRNA. 5. The polypeptide forms into its native shape and starts acting as a functional ___________ in the cell.

  19. Steps of Translation

  20. Genetic Mutations: _________ in the genetic __________ ______________ mutation: a single point in the sequence is changed. For instance a G is changed to an A. Compare this to reading a sentence Cats eat big rat. --> point mutation --> Cats eat big hat The sentence is still almost recognizable, the ___________________ changed in this case might still function. ______________________ MUTATION - a point mutation that involves a __________________ or deletion, which results in a shift in the reading frame. Cats eat big rat --> add an additional letter A, and the reading frame changes Aca tse atb igr at - this protein does not resemble the original and will probably not be _____________

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