6 th per: Find your new seat (#1 is at the front by the window)

6th per: Find your new seat(#1 is at the front by the window) • Osvaldo • Misha • (empty) • (empty) • Leandro • Sami • Alma • Maddy • Asiah • Jerzon • Nico • Yasmine • (empty) • (empty) • David • Kourtney • Dillon • Angelina • Keiarra • Samantha • Kevin • Ashley • Alex • Sean

5th per: Find your new seat(#1 is at the front by the window) • Bradley • DJ • (empty) • (empty) • (empty) • Cayley • (empty) • (empty) • (empty) • (empty) • Alex • Ariah • Andy • David • Katilin • Nick • Andrew • Christian • Lorena • Roman • Jarrod • Samantha • Nathaniel • Victoria

4th per: Find your new seat(#1 is at the front by the window) • Jose • Tanner • (empty) • (empty) • Ariel • Kaylin • Anthony • Jazmin • Tay • Andrea • Marisela • Savvy • (empty) • (empty) • Holly • Dominick • Miriam • Ellery • Brianna • Jennifer • Jesus • August • Tamara • Tran

3rd per: Find your new seat(#1 is at the front by the window) • Kasandra • Rodney • (empty) • (empty) • Nadeshna • Dylan • Stephanie • Nataly • Gilbert • Mia • Jack • Cindy • (empty) • Marisol • Rachel • Cyan • Jennifer • Edgar • Chris • Josh • Roberto • Vincente • Samantha • Sjuanje

BELL WORK: Turn in your lab from yesterday if you did not finish during class. Take out a piece of paper and number 1-5. Study your homework while I come around to check it.

HOMEWORK QUIZ!! • Put away all homework pages. • There is NO TALKING. • You need your numbered paper and something to write with – nothing else!

Homework Quiz • Evolution can be defined as change in the ______ _____ over time. • natural selection • gene pool • genetic mutations • Mr. Andersen used the fingers on your hand to remember the different mechanisms of evolution. What did the “M” of the middle finger stand for?

Homework Quiz • What are two examples of gene flow? • exit and enter • emigration and immigration • mutations and non-random mating • Which mechanism leads to organisms that are better adapted for their environments? • non-random mating • small population • natural selection

Homework Quiz • What real-life example did Mr. Andersen give to demonstrate how natural selection works? BONUS:Speciation is equivalent to (the same as) which of the following? microevolution OR macroevolution

Be sure your name is on your paper and pass it toward the center aisle.

CO: I will analyze and evaluate the effects of other evolutionary mechanisms.LO: I will complete Cornell Notes and discuss evolutionary mechanisms with my group.

What is evolution? • Turn to the person next to you and complete the following sentence: Evolution can be defined as ______________ • You will complete your notes in the hallway. • You need your Cornell Notes and something to write with. • Be sure to sit in your NEW assigned seat when you come back inside!

Evolution can be defined as change in the gene pool over time.

A gene pool is all the genes of every individual in a population.

There are 5 factors that can affect the frequency of a gene in the gene pool. • Genetic Mutation • Natural Selection • Small Population • Non-random mating • Gene Flow

1. Genetic Mutations are… • changes in DNA that happen due to errors in replication, transcription, translation, or because of environmental factors. • The source of all new genes/traits in a population

2. Natural Selection is… • survival of the fittest • the driving force of evolution • happens when helpful genes are passed to the next generation and harmful genes are eliminated

Genetic driftis a random change in the how often alleles occur in a population. Small populations are the most affected by genetic drift.

3. Small Population A) Bottleneck effect - a large portion of a population dies, causing a significant decrease in the gene pool

3. Small Population B) Founder effect - a few individuals leave one population and start another in a different location. • decreases the gene pool in the new population.

4. Non-Random Mating means… • Not all mates are created equal! • mates are chosen based on certain favorable characteristics. Strong and good-looking organisms are typically favored. • Limits the size of the gene pool because only the mating individuals pass on their traits.

5. Gene Flow is…the movement of genes into or out of a population. • Emigration- individuals leave a population, decreasing the gene pool. B) Immigration - individuals from a different population enter a new one and begin breeding, increasing the gene pool.

Effects of Gene Pool Size A decrease in the size of a gene pool increases the speed of evolution and visa versa.

SCENARIOS Discuss each of the following examples with your group. Decide which mechanism is occurring and how you know. I will call on people to give answers – EVERYONE should be prepared to speak in case I call on you!

Amish people are required by their religion to only marry and have children with other Amish people.

2. Northern elephant seals were hunted almost to extinction by people in the 1890’s. The remaining population has reduced genetic variation.

3. A lioness joins a new pride and has cubs with the male lion.

4. The DNA sequence in a bird is changed from ATT CCG TTG to TTA CCG TTG,which changes the beak shape from long and thin to short and fat.

5. A small group of birds flies from the mainland to an island and starts a new colony, never returning to the mainland.

6. Peppered moths are eaten by birds. The moth color varies from light to dark. Light colored moths can blend in with a nearby species of tree. In the 1800’s, factories released large amounts of soot which changed the tree color, so the birds were able to more easily find the lighter moths instead of the darker moths.

Exit ticket • Trace your hand on a piece of computer paper. • Label each finger with the 5 mechanisms of selection (as done in the homework). • In the palm of your hand, summarize how selection happens in a population in 15 words. • You must put this in my hand before you walk out the door!

6 th per: Find your new seat (#1 is at the front by the window)