22 Aug

1. 22 Aug • Opening instructions: • As you walk in, take a seat in the front of the room (pay no attention to the pieces of paper) • Agenda • Welcome to Biology • HW: • Get a good night’s sleep!

2. 23 Aug Opener: As you walk in, take a seat in the front of the room (pay no attention to the pieces of paper) Agenda • Welcome to Biology • Seating Chart • Characteristics of Life • WB, discussion, lecture HW: • Read syllabus. • Get signatures on syllabus and safety contract.

3. Welcome to Biology! • Partner questions: • What comes to mind when you think of Biology? • How would you guess Biology is different than Chemistry? • Textbook • Objective sheets • SharePoint 2007 • Tardies • Cell phones • Opening questions/ Tasks • Whiteboarding

4. Characteristics of Life - Whiteboarding BIOLOGY Life The study of On your white board: Make a list of 10 things that are alive in the photos. Make a list of 5 things that are not alive in the photos Try to make a list of characteristics that all living things have in common

5. Characteristics of Life • Reproduce • Use Energy • Have Organization- made of cells • Regulate internal environment • Homeostasis • Grow and Develop • Respond to environment • Adapt through evolutionary processes

6. 24 Aug Agenda • Syllabus Qs?/Grading policy/ Room Safety • Review Characteristics • Levels of Organization • Virus article HW: • Read syllabus. • Get signatures on syllabus and safety contract. • Opener: • How many of the characteristics of life can you remember from yesterday?

7. Characteristics of Life • Reproduce • Use Energy • Have Organization- made of cells • Regulate internal environment • Homeostasis • Grow and Develop • Respond to environment • Adapt through evolutionary processes

8. Levels of Organization WB Activity

9. Annotating – Talking Back to the Text

10. Annotating – Talking Back to the Text

11. Annotating – Talking Back to the Text Guiding Questions: • What vocabulary words are mentioned in this section? There are three of them. • What’s the connection between these words and how a whale arm is like yours? • Based on what you have read this section what does it mean when we say “In life there is unity in diversity”? Give an example of each.

12. 27 Aug Agenda: • Collect Signed Syllabus • Microscopes • Microscope use • Microscope lab HW: • Read Section 1.3 • What type of microscopes were used to capture the following images?

13. Types of Microscopes Stereoscopes Compound microscopes

14. Stereoscopes • Magnifies between 10 and 40x • Provides a 3D image • No mounting medium needed • Provides a large field of vision

15. Compound Microscopes • Magnifies between 40-1000x • Eye piece = 10x • Multiply by objective strength (4, 10, 40, 100) to determine total magnification • Field of vision decreases as magnification increases • Mounting medium on glass slides

16. How to use a compound microscope • Prepare slide • Plug in microscope • Push back slide clips • Set slide on stage • Move to lowest power objective • Move objective to the slide while viewing from the side • Focus using the course focus, moving away from the slide • Once material is found, move to a higher power objective • Focus using the fine focus • Go back to step 5 if you lose your sightings

17. Micro – to – Macro Lab Instructions • You will choose four materials to investigate. Write the name of each in one of the four sections of your paper. • For each material, you will make four drawings, two macroscopic (naked eye, stereoscope) and two microscopic (low and medium/high power). On each drawing include: • A scale (using a clear ruler) • Total magnification of the view • At the end of each section, write which view gave the most rich description of the material and why you think that view was better than the others.

18. 28 Aug Opening Q: • If I use a microscope that has an eye piece with a magnification of 10x and I choose an objective that has a magnification of 40x, what is the total magnification? • Which objective should you always start out with: 10x, 40x, or 100x? • Which focus should I use when I’m on a high powered objective: Fine (small knob) or Coarse (large knob)? Agenda: • Finish Microscope lab • Whiteboard Practice – Characteristics of Life& Levels of Organization HW: Read Sections 1.4 & 2.1

19. Section 2.1 Guiding Qs • What is the basic unit of life? What does this mean? • What came first: Unicellular or multicelluar life? • Explain the relationship between unicellular and multicellular life. • What are tissues made out of? What are organs made out of? How does this relate to levels of organization?

22. 29 Aug Opening Q: • Put the following in order from smallest to largest: Cell OrganismPopulationCommunity AtomMoleculeEcosystem Tissue Agenda: • DNA  Proteins  Traits Brainstorm • Animal group work • Review for Friday’s Quiz HW: Read 2.6 -2.7 Atom Molecule Cell Tissue Organism Population Community Ecosystem

23. DNA Protein  Trait • DNA provides the instructions for our cells to build proteins. Proteins are what give us our traits.

24. 30 Aug • Opener • What’s the difference between evolution and natural selection? • Agenda: • Finish Presenting Animal Questions • Intro to evolution • Homework • Study for quiz tomorrow

25. The Big Idea • Try to make a sentence (or two) that describes the relationship among the following groups of words: • Protein - DNA – Traits • Darwin - Evolution - Natural Selection

26. Natural selection • There is heritable variation within populations • More offspring are born than can survive • The result is a competition for limited resources • Some organisms survive & reproduce based on adaptation Charles Darwin

27. Evolution Misconceptions • http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IHowitworks.shtml

28. Examples of Natural Selection • In a group of Zebras, some are fast, some are slow • Lions catch the slowest zebras first • Slow zebras are often killed before they can reproduce • Therefore, the genes for slowness don’t get passed on, but the genes for fastness do • Over time, the population of zebras becomes faster • How else could a population of Zebras change to avoid being eaten? • How do you think the population of lions changes?

29. The Big Idea • Try to make a sentence (or two) that describes the relationship among the following groups of words: • Protein - DNA – Traits • DNA provides the instructions for our cells to build proteins. Proteins are what give us our traits. • Darwin - Evolution - Natural Selection • Although Darwin wasn’t the first to come up with the idea of evolution, he proposed the mechanism by which evolution works: natural selection.

30. DNA  Proteins  Traits

31. 31 Aug • Agenda • Formative quiz • Plant seeds

32. 4 Sept Agenda: • Research components • Research types • Practice Problems • Go over quiz? HW: None Opening Q: If I gave you a homework assignment asking which lawn fertilizer (Miracle-Gro or Turf-Builder) makes grass grow fastest, what would you have to do to complete the assignment?

33. Observations: facts that can be obtained using senses or extensions of senses Qualitative Data: • Deals with descriptions. • Data can be observed but not measured. • Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc. • Qualitative → Quality • Quantitative Data: • Data which can be measured. • Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc. • Quantitative → Quantity

34. Research Components • Observation- facts that can be obtained using senses or extensions of senses • ex. My cell phone won’t turn- on when I press the power button • Hypothesis- a proposed explanation for a set of observations • ex. The battery is dead

35. IV/DV • Independent variable (IV)- What is being manipulated (changed) • Dependent variable(DV)- What is being measured Question:Will Miracle-Gro fertilizer make my lawn grow faster? Greener? Independent Variable: • Dependent Variable: • Hypothesis: • Will your data be qualitative or quantitative?

36. IV: DV: Hypothesis: Is the data Qualitative or Quantitive?

37. Types of Research 1. Field studies: • Observational, descriptive • Used when a researcher needs to study subjects in a natural setting

38. 2. Case Studies = lots of variables are observed on one subject; descriptive Meet ‘M.G.’ -- Diabetes Case Study M.G. is a 58 y/o white female who presents to her physician with a complaint of “tired all the time.” It’s been going on for several months, and she doesn’t report any concerns with nighttime sleep. She doesn’t note any new stress or other life changes, and denies depression or anxiety. Alcohol consumption is limited to one to two drinks per week, and she quit smoking over 10 years ago. Family history is notable for type 2 diabetes in an older sister; her mother had hypothyroidism and “heart disease.” The patient also has high cholesterol that she has been trying to treat with “weight loss and exercise.” She walks about 20 minutes three times weekly when the weather allows. She has been treated for about five years for hypertension with hydrocholorthiazide.

39. Types of Research • Correlational studies: • One variable predicts another • Does not determine causation, just the existence of a relationship. http://www.nvcc.edu/home/elanthier/methods/correlation.htm

40. Types of Research • Controlled Experiments Determines causation; One variable causes the other variable to change; Groups are compared to each other (control and experimental groups)

41. This stupid thing…

43. 9/5: Opening Q A scientist hypothesized exposure to cold weather would cause weight gain. Her results showed that rats exposed to 4°C for 21 days weighed 15% less than rats who were kept at 22°C. • IV: • DV: • Qualitative or quantitative? • What type of investigation is this? • Was the scientist’s hypothesis correct?

44. 5 Sept Agenda: • Review • Misleading Statistics • Statistics • Averages • SEMs • p-values • Practice with articles HW: Article worksheet

45. Misleading Statistics…. • The answer may not always be as clear as you may think… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCqT3fdAAHQ

48. Solution:  No.  As the graph shows, the reason 16-year-old and octogenarians appear to be safe drivers is that they don't drive nearly as much as people in other age groups.