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This forum discusses two decades of Māori development in New Zealand, highlighting notable gains in employment, education, and reduced poverty. Despite improvements, gaps in health and education persist. The forum also explores tailored services for Māori, the influence of alternative services on mainstream provision, and the need for capacity-building and improved data collection to address inequities.
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Accounting for Diversity: Policy Design and Māori Development in New Zealand Dena Ringold Ian Axford Fellowship Forum UMBC January 18, 2006
Two Decades of Māori Development • Notable gains in employment and education • Particularly early childhood (88%) and tertiary; • Record low unemployment (8%). • Poverty coming down, health status improving. • However, still gaps in health, education • 30% graduate without qualifications; life expectancy gap 8-9 years. • Indications of growing inequality, diversity of outcomes. • PISA education results show wider range for Māori than between Māori and non-Māori.
Tailoring Services to Māori: What has been done? • Expanding Māori participation and ownership of services • Involvement in delivery and governance. • Māori medium education; Māori health providers. • Devolving service delivery • Increase in Māori and iwi providers. • Strengthening outreach • Emphasis on information, communications, language. • Investing in culture • Holistic and whanau-based approaches. • Increasing choice for all population groups.
Lessons Beyond NZ • Alternative services have influenced mainstream provision • Coverage is small (80-90% in mainstream services), influence is farther reaching; • Demonstration effect; examples of how to do things differently; build confidence and capacity. • But mainstream services cannot be let off of the hook. • Capacity-building is needed to make institutions work. • E.g. governance arrangements. • Good data can influence policy-design. • Data for “Closing the Gaps” led to policy initiatives. • Improvements to ethnic data collection.
More Lessons Beyond NZ • Investing in culture can improve outcomes. • Political economy issues need managing. • Better information on spending, eligibility criteria, rationales for policy, and success stories. • Equity requires monitoring. • Due to increasing internal diversity of the population and diversification of providers. • Emphasis on quality, access is not enough.