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Types of Chemical Reactions

Types of Chemical Reactions. Reactions can be classified by what happens. Learning Objectives. Distinguish between synthesis and decomposition reactions. Identify replacement reaction as single or double replacement reactions. Identify the characteristics common to all oxidation reactions.

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Types of Chemical Reactions

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  1. Types of Chemical Reactions Reactions can be classified by what happens.

  2. Learning Objectives • Distinguish between synthesis and decomposition reactions. • Identify replacement reaction as single or double replacement reactions. • Identify the characteristics common to all oxidation reactions. • Distinguish between decomposition and oxidation reactions. • Distinguish between oxidation, complete combustion and incomplete combustion. • Describe what happens in a neutralization reaction. *

  3. Synthesis Synthesis means “To make” AKA Chemical Marriage Characteristics 2 reactants (usually elements) 1 product General Equation A + B ---> AB Examples Na + Cl2 ---> NaCl + Energy Ca + S ---> CaS Fe + O2 ---> Fe2O3 Decomposition Decompose means “Tear up” AKA Chemical Divorce Characteristics 1 reactant 2 or more products General Equation AB ---> A + B Examples H2O +Energy ---> H2 + O2 NaCl + Energy ---> Na + Cl2 Na(ClO4) + Energy ---> Na + Cl2 + O2 * Synthesis and Decomposition

  4. Single Replacement AKA Chemical Dating One element replaces similar element in a compound Metals replace metals, etc Characteristics Reactants -1 element, 1 compound Products - 1 element, 1 compound Endo, neutral or exothermic General Reaction A + BC ---> AC + B Examples Na + HCl --> NaCl + H2 K + CuCl2 ---> CaCl2 + Cu Li + H(NO3) --- > Li(NO3) + H2 Double Replacement AKA Chemical Double Dating Metal elements in 2 compounds trade places Metals replace metals Characteristics 2 reactant compounds 2 product compounds Endo, neutral or exothermic General Reaction AB + CD ---> AD + CB Examples NaI + Cu(NO3)2 ---> Na(No3) + CuI2 NaS + FeCl3 ---> NaCl + Fe2S3 Single and Double Replacement

  5. Oxidation/Combustion Reactions • AKA Oxygen Assisted Divorce • In these reactions oxygen breaks up a compound combining with all elements in the reactant compound • Combustion is the oxidation of an organic compound • Characteristics: • Oxygen (O2) is a reactant • All products contain oxygen • Always exothermic • Combustion reactions always produce CO or CO2 and H2O • General Equations • Oxidation AB + O2 ---> AO + BO • Complete Combustion CxHx + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O • Incomplete Combustion CxHx + O2 ---> CO + H2O • Examples FeS + O2 ---> Fe2O3 + SO3 C6H12O6 + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O C3H8 + O2 ---> CO + H2O *

  6. Neutralization Reactions • AKA Having Kids • These 2 types of reactions destroy (Neutralize acids) • Characteristics • One of the reactants is an acid • The products are water, a salt and maybe CO2 • Always exothermic • General Reactions: Hydroxide Neutralization HX + M(OH) ---> H2O + MX Carbonate Neutralization HX + M(CO3) ---> H2O + MX + CO2 • Examples: HCl + NaOH ---> H2O + NaCl H(NO3) + Ca(OH)2 ---> H2O + Ca(NO3)2 H2(SO4) + K2(CO3) ---> H2O + K2(SO4) + CO2 *

  7. Identification Homework Identify each of the following chemical equations. 1. C2H8S + O2  H2O + CO2 + SO ____________ 2. N2 + H2  NH3 ____________ 3. Ca + HCl  CaCl2 + H2 ____________ 4. Fe2C + O2  FeO + CO2 ____________ 5. NaCl + BaO  BaCl2 + Na2O ____________ 6. H2SO4 + NaOH  Na2SO4 + H2O ____________ 7. C6H15 + O2  H2O + CO ____________ 8. C6H12O6  2C3H6O3 ____________ 9. H4C + MgCO3  H2CO3 + CO2 + Mg2C ____________ 10. Fe + O2  Fe2O3 ____________ 11. Li + H2O  Li2O + H2 ____________

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