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Trauma: Natural Disasters

Trauma: Natural Disasters. Meagan L. Howell, M.S. Saint Louis University. Definitions of PTSD. PTSD is defined as a reaction to a traumatic event which creates the subjective feelings of “extreme fear, horror, or helplessness” in the victim. Two Conceptual Models:

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Trauma: Natural Disasters

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  1. Trauma:Natural Disasters Meagan L. Howell, M.S. Saint Louis University

  2. Definitions of PTSD • PTSD is defined as a reaction to a traumatic event which creates the subjective feelings of “extreme fear, horror, or helplessness” in the victim. • Two Conceptual Models: • “A normal reaction to an abnormal event” • PTSD is, “… an abnormal reaction to an abnormal event”

  3. Definitions of Trauma • The person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others. • Type I Traumas which are time-limited or acute • Type II Traumas which are pervasive or chronic

  4. Natural Disasters • Tornadoes • Mudslides/Landslides • Earthquakes • Floods • Hurricanes • Tsunamis • Typhoons • Volcanic Eruptions

  5. Trauma Factors • Immediacy • Proximity • Duration of exposure • Physical injury • Degree of property or personal loss • Evacuation or displacement from the child’s usual environment • Separation of the child from the family

  6. Child Risk Factors • Trauma memory deficits • Negative appraisals • Maintaining maladaptive behavioral and cognitive strategies • Subjective perception of threat • Reactions of the child’s family • Parental Support

  7. Child Risk Factors Continued • Degree of fear during the trauma • Locus of control • Being a new resident or immigrant to the area • Persistent ruminations or worries • Child’s age or maturity level • Previous Trauma • Coping Strategies

  8. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing • Interventions beginning shortly after the disaster will need to focus on a wide-based screening of children and adults throughout the affected area. • Establishing a sense of security and returning the children and adults to a regular schedule will be the primary efforts of first-response interventions. • Relieve immediate distress and work towards preventing maladaptive coping strategies following a disaster.

  9. Attributions following a Natural Disasters • Depends on: • Response to actual EVENT • Response to RESULTS OF EVENT

  10. Attributions following a Natural Disasters • Internal: • External:

  11. Attributions following a Natural Disasters • Global: • Unique/Situational:

  12. Attributions following a Natural Disasters • Stable: • Unstable:

  13. Katrina Study • http://www.hurricanekatrina.med.harvard.edu/

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