Chapter 19 Test Review

1. Chapter 19 Test Review History of Ancient India  2300 BC–AD 500 

2. Question #1 • The Ancient Indian cities of Harappa and MohenjoDaro were located near what river?

3. The Ancient Indian cities of Harappa and MohenjoDaro were located near what river? *Indus River

4. Question #2 • The Harappan civilization is regarded as India’s first civilization, yet was located in what modern country?

5. The Harappan civilization is regarded as India’s first civilization, yet was located in what modern country? •Pakistan

6. Question #3 • For what purpose did the Harappans travel into southern India and as far away as Mesopotamia?

7. For what purpose did the Harappans travel into southern India and as far away as Mesopotamia? *trade (they traded for raw materials to makes items such as pottery

8. Question #4 • Discoveries indicate the ancient Harappans developed India’s first writing system. However, this writing has yet to be translated. Explain.

9. Discoveries indicate the ancient Harappans developed India’s first writing system. However, this writing has yet to be translated. Explain. ˚only short passages have been discovered (not sure how an English translation is provided!!)

10. Question #5 • What evidence suggests the Harappans were skilled engineers?

11. What evidence suggests the Harappans were skilled engineers? •their cities were well-planned and included sewer systems and indoor plumbing

12. Question #6 • What is indicated by the discovery of Harappan statues that included elaborate clothing and jewelry?

13. What is indicated by the discovery of Harappan statues that included elaborate clothing and jewelry? ˚Harappan society had a class system

14. Question #7 • Knowledge of the Aryans comes mostly from what source?

15. Knowledge of the Aryans comes mostly from what source? ˚the Vedas

16. Question #8 • Identify the leaders of Aryan communities and villages.

17. Identify the leaders of Aryan communities and villages. ˚groups within communities were led by skilled warriors; villages were led by rajas (kings)

18. Question #9 • Identify the Aryan language.

19. Identify the Aryan language. ˚Sanskrit

20. Question #10 • Identify, in order from high to low, the 4 varnas.

21. Identify, in order from high to low, the 4 varnas. Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaisyas Sudra *remember that the untouchables were not considered a part of society (a better image appears on page 479 of the Eastern World textbook)

22. Question #11 • How could the caste system be changed?

23. How could the caste system be changed? ˚individual castes gained or lost favor in society

24. Question #12 • What part of the caste system was considered most important by the Aryans?

25. What part of the caste system was considered most important by the Aryans? ˚following the rules (rules included marrying someone only from the same class)

26. Question #13 • List 3 things contained in the Vedic texts.

27. List 3 things contained in the Vedic texts. reflections by religious people descriptions of religious rituals descriptions of secret rituals

28. Question #14 • How are the Vedas and Vedic texts related?

29. How are the Vedas and Vedic texts related? •the Vedic texts are a collection of thoughts on the Vedas

30. Question #15 • What is the most common religion in India today?

31. What is the most common religion in India today? ˚Hinduism (more than 80% of Indians are Hindus)

32. Question #16 • Identify 3 major Hindu gods.

33. Identify 3 major Hindu gods. Brahma (the Creator) Siva (the Destroyer) Vishnu (the Preserver)

34. Question #17 • How is the afterlife for a Hindu different than for a Christian?

35. How is the afterlife for a Hindu different than for a Christian? •Hindus believe in reincarnation, the process of rebirth. It may take several lifetimes to escape the illusion and eventually be one with Brahman.

36. Question #18 • Describe karma and its impact on reincarnation.

37. Describe karma and its impact on reincarnation. ˚karma is the results on the soul of a person based on his/her actions; karma determines rebirth

38. Question #19 • What is the main duty of Hindus?

39. What is the main duty of Hindus? •to accept his/her place in the world

40. Question #20 • How did early Hindu teachings discriminate against women?

41. How did early Hindu teachings discriminate against women? *women were not permitted to study the Vedas

42. Question #21 Who founded Jainism? How many of these apples would a strict Jain be allowed to eat? Explain your answer

43. Question #21 Who founded Jainism? Mahariva How many of these apples would a strict Jain be allowed to eat? Explain your answer 12---Jains will only eat fruit that has naturally fallen to the ground.

44. Question #22 • What is the basic belief of followers of Jainism?

45. What is the basic belief of followers of Jainism? *nonviolence

46. Question #23 • Describe the early childhood of Siddhartha Gautama.

47. Describe the early childhood of Siddhartha Gautama. *he was a rich prince, born in to the Kshatriya class; lived a life of luxury in a palace

48. Question #24 • Identify 3 manners in which Gautama sought answers to his questions.

49. Identify 3 manners in which Gautama sought answers to his questions. 1. talked with smart people 2. meditated 3. wandered throughout India

50. Question #25 • Where was Gautama when he reached enlightenment?