1 / 19

CHAPTER 28

1979–1991. CHAPTER 28. THE COLD WAR RETURNS—AND ENDS. CREATED EQUAL JONES  WOOD  MAY  BORSTELMANN  RUIZ. THE COLD WAR RETURNS —AND ENDS Overview. Anticommunism Revised Republican Rule at Home Cultural Conflict The End of the Cold War. ANTICOMMUNISM REVISED .

erna
Download Presentation

CHAPTER 28

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 1979–1991 CHAPTER 28 THE COLD WAR RETURNS—AND ENDS CREATED EQUAL JONES  WOOD  MAY  BORSTELMANN  RUIZ

  2. THE COLD WAR RETURNS —AND ENDS Overview • Anticommunism Revised • Republican Rule at Home • Cultural Conflict • The End of the Cold War

  3. ANTICOMMUNISM REVISED • Iran and Afghanistan • The Conservative Victory of 1980 President Ronald Reagan • Renewing the Cold War

  4. Trouble Spots in the Middle East, 1979-1993

  5. Iran • January 1979: Revolution in Iran deposes Shah • Ruhollah Khomeini creates a theocratic state based on Islamic law and abhorrence of western values • U.S. Embassy overtaken and American hostages taken • Militants demand return of the Shah to stand trial • Abortive rescue attempt, Vance resignation, neglected reelection campaign

  6. Afghanistan • 7 weeks after Iranian hostage situation, Russian troops invade Afghanistan in order to support the pro-Soviet government against Islamic fighters • President Carter halts most trade with Soviets, withdraws from SALT II, and boycotts 1980 Olympics • “Carter Doctrine”: preserve the status quo in the Persian Gulf region

  7. The Conservative Victory of 1980 • Ronald Reagan elected President • Conservative, former movie star • Campaigns on ideas of military might, unlimited consumption, economic growth, and anti-government • Republicans win majority in the Senate

  8. Renewing the Cold War • Reagan rejects détente and denounces the “evil empire” • Pentagon budget grows 40% from 1980 to 1984

  9. Nicaragua • Sandanistas overthrow Somoza in 1979 • CIA-created “Contras” wage war on new government in Managua • 40,000 Nicaraguans, mainly civilians, die • Congress passes the Boland Amendments

  10. REPUBLICAN RULE AT HOME • “Reaganomics” and the Assault on Welfare • An Embattled Environment • A Society Divided

  11. “Reaganomics” and the Assault on Welfare • Congress passes Reagan’s tax laws • Cutting federal income tax by 25% over 3 years • Top individual rate drops from 70% to 28% • Corporate, capital gains, inheritance taxes cut • Military spending increases • Welfare programs loose funding • Federal government responsibilities taken up by the states • Inflation is cut by money policies of the Federal Reserve Board

  12. An Embattled Environment • Reagan administration policies favor big business and private enterprises • Federal lands opened for commercial use • James Watt: extremist conservative with extremist ideas and little regard for the environment. Resigns in 1983

  13. A Society Divided • 1980: CEO’s salary 40 times that of worker • 1989: CEO’s salary 93 times that of worker • Net worth of 400 richest Americans tripled • Wealthiest 1% of Americans possessed more assets than bottom 90%” • “Casino Economy” of mergers, consolidations, insider trading, buyouts • Middle class: factory shutdowns, layoffs • Unions: lose members of manufacturing base and to anti-union sentiment

  14. Distribution of Wealth and Income“trickle downtheory”

  15. CULTURAL CONFLICT • The Rise of the Religious Right • Dissenters Push Back • The New Immigration

  16. The Rise of the Religious Right • By 1980, Christian fundamentalists make up 20% of population. • Republican, conservative views, support Reagan • Oppose women’s right to choose and gay rights • Support school prayer • Anti-feminist views • Promote sexual abstinence • Support “war on drugs”

  17. Dissenters Push Back • Environmental activists • Peace activists, anti-nuclear • Racial justice activists • Anti-apartheid in South Africa • Rev. Jesse Jackson and Rainbow Coalition • Gay rights advocates

  18. THE END OF THE COLD WAR • From Cold War to Détente again • Gorbachev warns of becoming of a desolate Soviet economy with missiles • The collapse of the Soviet Union and the Berlin Wall - Afghanistan becomes the Russian’s “Vietnam” • Reagan approved illegal sale of U.S. arms to Iran in return for the freeing of hostages in Lebanon • George H.W. Bush elected President in 1988 • Republican majority and strength

  19. The New Immigration • 6 million legal immigrants in 1980s • 40% from Asia: China, Philippines, Korea • 50% from Latin America and Caribbean: Mexico • Work: farms, domestic servants, janitors, gardeners

More Related